Inter state bus terminal - Litrature study

Introduction, Design, Planning aspects, Requirements, Standards, Measurements, Sizes and areas.

1. Inter state bus terminal Library study Assembled by: Akshey Sharma

2. Introduction A bus terminal is the point where a bus route starts OR ends , And where vehicles Stop and wait before Departing on their return journeys. It is also a place where passengers board and alight from vehicles. Often provides a convenient point where services can be controlled from. The size and nature of the terminal varies from a road-side bus stop with no adequate facilities for passengers or bus crews ;to a purpose built off-road bus station, offering a wide range of facilities. If the number of vehicles arriving and departing is low, - a road-side bus stop will normally be adequate. With a large number of vehicles arriving and departing, it might be required to consider off-road built bus station to avoid traffic congestion.

3. Introduction A bus terminal should satisfy : Passenger protection from passing traffic Access for people with disabilities All-weather surface to step from/to the bus Proximity to pedestrian crossings Proximity to major trip generators Street lighting Operating elements consist of: Adequate curb space for the number of buses expected at the stop at one time Bus routing patterns Directions (i.e., one-way) and widths of intersection streets Types of traffic signal controls (signal, stop, or yield) Volumes and turning movements of other traffic. Width of pedestrian pavements. Pedestrian activity through intersections.

4. Design Issues Passenger Amenities Shelter They are to extend along the full length of the platform serving as a weather protection to the passengers. should be of high quality, prefabricated and modular. The Shelter roofs should be such that rain water is directed away for the vehicle side. b. Passenger Information Passenger information should be provided such as signage’s, route details and graphics. bold identification signage, transit route maps, neighbourhood maps placed at prominent locations. Signage and graphics should readily distinguish the bus stations from the regular stops. Digital display could be optionally placed at station entries. Safety and Security Security is essential as the BRT stops would be open for extended hours and likely to be unattended. Visibility is also an important criterion to security. Passengers should be able to see the surrounding locations and be seen from the locations outside the station. Adequate illumination, especially at nights is necessary. Barrier Free Design Accessible to by the physically challenged. The internal layout of the shelter should be barrier free to facilitate easy circulation. Access via ramps need to be provided for stops having high platforms.

5. Design Issues Platform Dimensions – The Length of the platform depends upon the length of the vehicle and the number of bays required which is in turn dependant upon design bus volumes and service times at any given time. Width of the platform varies from 2.5 M to 5 M. The Platforms could be provided either at a low height or at a higher level. Access to the high platforms from the pedestrian path needs to be provided through ramps. Aesthetic Design Aesthetics and passenger friendliness in addition to a modern appearance together formulate the essential architectural considerations. The design should symbolize an image representing speed in hand with modernity. Over use of advertising displays resulting in a visual clutter needs to be curtailed at bus stops. Fare Collection Off board fare collection policy reduces the dwell time at bus stations and enables rapid boarding and lighting. The station can be divided into paid areas and free areas. Entry into the paid area of the station can be controlled by introduction of turnstiles or other control devices. Bogotá is one such example of a controlled access station..

6. Planning ASPECTS In general, the four basic planning criteria for planning of terminals are – 1.Need NEED of the terminal arises with increase in the demand. An organized bus terminal should meet the following requirements- Accessibility Comfort and convenience Safety Easy processing Size The following factors are considered to characterize the size of the terminal and its functions- Flow of traffic System characteristics User characteristics 3.Location The selection of the location should satisfy the following criteria- It should form a component in the hierarchy of transport systems The concentration and dispersal costs should be minimum It should be located such that as point of coordination and integration between inter-city and intra-city transport

7. Planning ASPECTS 4.Design Following points should be kept in mind for efficient workability of terminal- Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict Segregation of pedestrian flows Minimum processing for the buses Segregation of transportation and no-transportation activities Flow diagram Showing parts and their relationship to one another

8. REQUIREMENTS Control room Public lockers Filling station Rental space Waiting room Restaurant Clock Room Dormitory Public toilets Car parking Security check post Enquiry & booking Drivers rest rooms Telephone booths Workshops Office

9. BUS DIMENSIONS

10. STANDARD BUS DIMENSIONS LARGE BUS MID-SIZE BUS

11. BUS DIMENSIONS

12. BUS DIMENSIONS Electric city bus : capacity – 60 passengers (including driver) overall length – 40’ (12m) overall width – 8’3” (2.5m) overall height – 10’-9” (3.32m) front overhang – 8’-6” (2.59m) rear overhang – 10’-9” (3.31m) Bus (52 seater ): overall length – 40’(12m) overall width – 8’-6” 92.6m) max. overall height – 12’-5” (3.8m) max. Bus(32 seater ): overall length – 22’-8”(6.9m) overall width – 7’-3” (2.2m) Big Bus (64 seater ): overall length – 45’-0”(13.5m) overall width – 9’-9”(3.0m) Door height – 6’-2” (1.9m) Bays – possible arrangements: linear arrangement. angular arrangement. radial arrangement.

13. Turning Radii The principal dimensions affecting design are the minimum centerline turning radius, the wheelbase, and the path of the inner rear tire. Effects of driver characteristics (such as the speed at which the driver makes a turn) and the slip angles of wheels are minimized by assuming that the speed of the vehicle for the minimum radius (sharpest) turn is 10 mph (15 km/h) or less. The boundaries of the turning paths of the several design vehicles when making the sharpest turns are established by the outer trace of the front overhang and the path of the inner rear wheel. This turn assumes that the outer front wheel follows the circular arc defining the minimum turning radius as determined by the vehicle steering mechanism.

14. Turning Radii

15. Turning Radii

16. Turning Radii

17. circulation

18. Bus lay bay - layout

19. TYPES OF PLATFORM requires excessive amount of space busses must usually wait until first bus exists large terminal requires pedestrian under/ overpass facilities to protect passengers while crossing lanes PARALLEL LOADING RADIAL SAWTOOTH LOADING most efficient- buses swing into position along natural driving arc. space required at front is minimum. wide space at rear making movement easy.

20. INTERLOCKING LAYOUT STANDARD INTERLOCKING LAYOUT RADIAL LAYOUT

21. STANDARDS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE STRAIGHT SAWTOTH LOADING efficient – passengers have direct access to loading doors. ACCESS FOR PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED provisions for handicapped is must . for that ramps are provided at the bus platforms. buses are also itself provided with inbuilt ramp which can be used wherever needed.

22. AREA CALCULATION the interstate bus terminus is to be designed to handle 1938 trips ~ 2000 trips per day peak hour flow is equal to 10 % of total daily flow. incoming buses (at unloading bays) = 50% of total buses = 1000 no's incoming buses (at loading bays) = 50% of total buses = 1000 no's occupancy in peak hour = 50 passenger/ bus. total passenger to be handled by terminal = 50 x 2000 = 1,00,000 no. of bays for loading and unloading have been calculated as =total no of buses in peak hour / bay capacity in 1 hour.

23. Areas PARKING STANDARDS parking space req. by a bus: 12m x 3.5m x 3.8m parking space req. by small bus: 8m x 3m x 3.3m parking space req. by a car: 5m x 2.5m x 2.4m parking space req. by a motorbike : 1m – 3.2 m ENQUIRY & TICKET COUNTERS The size of the enquiry counter varies with the type of station. The height of the counter slab is 1.2m. PUBLIC SPACES   Area req. Per person at counter : 50-150 sq.Ft . Area req. Per person at cafeteria : 10-50 sq. Ft. Area req. Per person at lunch room : 10-50 sq. Ft. Width of corridor (min. : 3m – 4.5m) Waiting hall for at least 150 people at time (Area req. Per person 50-150 sq. Ft.)   OFFICE SPACES   Area req. Per person at office : Single office – 10sq.M Meeting room – 1.5 sq.M TOILET SPACES FOR PUBLIC & STAFF 1 W .C will serve 25 people. Space req. For W.C – 0.9m X 1.2m Space req .For urinal – 1m From center to center 1 urinal will serve 30 people.   CLOCK ROOM   The size of a locker : 1.78m X .30m X .30m 1.78m X .30m X .38m 1.78m X .30m X .46m 1.78m X .38m X .38m 1.78m X .46m X .46m

24. Thank YOU