Intercultural operations in vegetable crops

Intercultural operations in vegetable crops

1. Intercultural
operations in
vegetable crops
Experiment 6

2. Intercultural operations
1.Transplanting and hardening off
2.Weeding
3.Thinning and gap filling
4.Irrigation
5.Staking
6.Manures and fertilizers application
7.Training and pruning
8.Mulching
9.Application of PGRs
10.Insect-pest and disease control
11.Earthing up
12.Dehaulming
13.Blanching
14.Nipping

3. 1. Transplanting and hardening off
Already discussed in 5
th
experiment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1-K7qpuGYY&t=2s

4. 2. Weeding
•Manual method
•Chemical method (Weedicides)
Time of application of
weedicides
1.Pre plant incorporation
(PPI)
2.Pre-emergence
3.Post-emergence
Application methods
1.Broadcasting
2.Band application
3.Foliar application

5. THERMAL WEED CONTROL
Pesticide-free thermic
weed control with a
weed burner on a
potato field in
Dithmarschen

6. MECHANICAL WEEDING DEVICE- THE
DIAGONAL WEEDER

7. LONG HANDLED WEEDERS
1.Circular blade
weeder
2.Garden rake
3.V blade
multipurpose
weeder
4.Grass slasher
5.Long handle
hand fork

8. Wheel hoe
TWIN WHEEL HOES

9. 3. Thinning and gap filling

10. 4. Irrigation
•Flood irrigation
•Drip irrigation
•Sprinkler
irrigation

11. 5. Staking

12. Removal of extra plants from the field
is known as-
a)Gap filling
b)Staking
c)Thinning
d)None

13. Which is not the characteristic of
weed?
a)Produce abundant seed
b)Hardy in nature
c)Grow very slow
d)All of the above

14. In which vegetable staking is not
required?
a)Tomato
b)Pea
c)Coriander
d)Beans

15. 6. Manures and fertilizers application
•Broadcasting
•Placement
•Banding/band
placement
•Liquid Application

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJf
B5FyKXkI&t=2s

16. 1. Broadcasting
•Basal application
•Top dressing

17. 2. Placement
i) Plough sole placement
ii) Deep placement
iii) Localized placement

18. Localized placement
a)Drilling
b)Side dressing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIzm2sWa
OEQ

19. 3. Band placement
•Hill placement
•Row placement

20. Methods of liquid fertilizer
application
•Starter solution
•Foliar application
•Fertigation
•Aerial application

21. Fertigation
Aerial application

22. 7. Training and pruning
Bower system

23. Inverted ‘V’ trellis ‘V’ trellis

24. Ground trailing Umbrella system

25. Stake and weave system

26. Single plant staking Double plant staking

27. “T” Trellis System Cages

28. Application of only fertilizers with
irrigation water is known as
a)Drenching
b)Fertigation
c)Both a and b
d)None

29. Which fertilizer is applied in split
dozes?
a)DAP
b)MOP
c)SSP
d)Urea

30. Training and pruning is required in-
a)Tomato
b)Bottle gourd
c)Cucumber
d)All of the above

31. 8. Mulching
•Organic mulch
•Inorganic mulch

32. Advantages of Mulching
•Helps in quick germination of seed
•Increases crop yield
•Conservation of soil
•Regulation of soil temperature
•Controls weeds
•Increases soil fertility
•Crop protection
•Conserves soil moisture
•Provides more unified and tidy appearance to
field

33. Ideal Mulch
1.Easy availability
2.Easy application
3.Easy removal/soil incorporation
4.Economical
5.Fulfill the desired objectives
6.Free from noxious weeds, insects and diseases

34. 9. Application of PGRs
•Types of PGRs
•Role of PGRs in vegetables

35. 10. Insect-pest management
•Sowing/ Planting time
•Tillage
•Plant spacing
•Inter cropping
•Trap crop

1. Cultural method
Hand picking
Clipping, pruning and crushing
Trapping and suction devices
2. Mechanical method

36. Pheromone trap Bird perch
Yellow sticky trap

38. 3. Biological control
Egg parasitiods :
 Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/ ha, four times
from 30 DAT - 20 days .
Larval parasitoids:
 Pristomerus testaceus
 Cremastus flavoorbitalis
 Shirakia schoenobii
 Bracon greeni

39. Netelia eggs are laid close
to the head of the host
caterpillar
An emerged Netelia pupal case These
pupal cases are found in the
underground pupal chambers of
parasitised helicoverpa
Adult Netelia wasp parasitising
a paralysed helicoverpa larva

40. Spraying of BT formulation @
2g/lt of water to reduce pod borers.

Bacillus thuringienis var kurstaki
@ 1500 ml/ ha

41. For sucking pests management:
•Acetamiprid0.2gm/lt of water
•Dimethoate2mlk/lit of water
•Imidacloprid0.4m/lit of water
•Thiomethaxom0.4gm/lit of water
•Monocrotophos1.6m/lit of water
•Oxy-demeton-methyl2ml/lit of water
•Fipronil 2ml/lt
For borers :
•Profenophos 50EC2ml/lit of water
•Thiodicarb (or)1.5gm/lit of water
•Indoxacarb1ml/lit of water
•Quinalphos3ml/lit of water
•Fenvalarate2ml/lit of water
For mites :
•Dicofol @5ml/lt of water
•Wettable sulphur @3g/lt of water
•Omite @ 2ml/lt
•Phosalone @2 ml/lt of water.
4. Chemical control

42. 10. Disease management
•CULTURAL
•BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
•CHEMICAL

43. Which chemical is used to induce male
flower in cucurbits?
a)Ethephon
b)Silver nitrate
c)NAA
d)All of the above

44. Bt brinjal was developed against which
insect?
a)Jassids
b)Leaf hopper
c)Shoot and fruit borer
d)Aphids

45. 11. Earthing up

46. 12. Dehaulming

47. 13. Blanching
•https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=ymDN3Bvth94

48. 14. Nipping
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjfFbTO_e-o

49. Blanching is required in which
vegetable?
a)Tomato
b)Potato
c)Cauliflower
d)All of the above

50. Which intercultural operation is not
required in potato?
a)Dehaulming
b)Thinning
c)Earthing up
d)None