INTERNAL MEMORY OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM.pptx

What and how the internal memory of a computer works

1. INTERNAL MEMORY A SUMMARY OF INTERNAL MEMORY….

2. MEMORY A memory can store a massive amount of data, such as songs, videos, documents, files, folders, images, and software Computer memory is used to store data and information permanently and temporarily. This data and information can be recalled whenever a user requests or demands. The memory is categorized as INTERNAL and EXTERNAL memory, but we shall focus strictly on internal memory…

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMORIES Volatility; Here we can talk about volatile and non volatile a memory is. examples of volatile memory is RAM and Non-volatile such as ROM, Flash memory Mutability; talks about how memory has the tendency to change.. Read/Write; RAM, HDD, SSD, RAM, Cache, Registers o Read Only ; Optical ROM (CD/DVD…), Semiconductor ROM} 3. Accessibility; here we can talk about how information can be accessed easily without difficulty. Examples of such memory are; Random Access such as; RAM, Cache Direct Access; HDD, Optical Disks Sequential Access; Magnetic Tapes

4. INTERNAL MEMORY What are internal memory? Internal memory, also called ‘’main or primary memory refers to memory that stores amounts of data that can be accessed quickly while the computer is running. The internal memory is installed inside the computer system. Internal storage stores or hold essential system files and applications which are most important for the computer system. Any computer software and applications are installed with the help of internal memory, such as RAM. In Mobile devices, applications and software are directly installed in the internal memory. The internal memory or internal storage interacts directly with the central processing unit.

5. FEATURE OF INTERNAL MEMORY The key features of internal memory are 1. Limited storage capacity. 2. Temporary storage. 3. Fast access. 4. High cost.

6. TYPES OF INTERNAL MEMORY RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) ROM (READ-ONLY MEMORY)

7. ROM (Read Only Memory) ROM is the long-term internal memory. ROM is “Non-Volatile Memory” that retains data without the flow of electricity. ROM is an essential chip with permanently written data or programs. It is similar to the RAM that is accessed by the CPU. ROM comes with pre-written by the computer manufacturer to hold the instructions for booting-up the computer.

8. There Is Generally Three Broad Type Of ROM: PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory):

9. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) PROM stands for programmable ROM. It can be programmed only be done once and read many. Unlike RAM, PROMs retain their contents without the flow of electricity. PROM is also nonvolatile memory. The significant difference between a ROM and a PROM is that a ROM comes with pre-written by the computer manufacturer whereas PROM manufactured as blank memory. PROM can be programmed by PROM burner and by blowing internal fuses permanently.

10. PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory)

11. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EPROM is pronounced ee -prom. This memory type retains its contents until it exposed to intense ultraviolet light that clears its contents, making it possible to reprogram the memory

12. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): EEPROM can be burned (programmed) and erased by first electrical waves in a millisecond. A single byte of a data or the entire contents of device can be erased. To write or erase this memory type, you need a device called a PROM burner.

13. RAM (Random ACCES MEMORY) The Word “RAM” stands for “random access memory” or may also refer to short term memory. It’s called “random” because you can read store data randomly at any time and from any physical location. It is a temporal storage memory. RAM is volatile that only retains all the data as long as the computer powered. It is the fastest type of memory. RAM stores the currently processed data from the CPU and sends them to the graphics unit.

14. Characteristics of RAM: Possible to read/write easily and rapidly Volatile Exists in two forms, static or dynamic

15. Types of RAM [Random Access Memory] Static RAM (SRAM) Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)

16. Static RAM (SRAM): Static RAM is the form of RAM and made with flip-flops and used for primary storage are volatile. It retains data in latch as long as the computer powered. SRAM is more expensive and consumes more power than DRAM. It used as Cache Memory in a computer system. As technically, SRAM uses more transistors as compared to DRAM. It is faster compared to DRAM due to the latching arrangement, and they use 6 transistors per data bit as compared to DRAM, which uses one transistor per bit.

17. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM): It is another form of RAM used as Main Memory, its retains information in Capacitors for a short period (a few milliseconds) even though the computer powered. The Data is Refreshed Periodically to maintain in it. The DRAM is cheaper, but it can store much more information. Moreover, it is also slower and consumes less power than SRAM.

18. Types of DRAM Asynchronous DRAM Fast Page Mode (FPM) DRAM or FPRAM Extended Data Out (EDO) DRAM Burst EDO (BEDO) DRAM Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) Direct Rambus DRAM (DRDRAM) Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM

19. Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) Is a term that is used to describe dynamic random access memory that has a synchronous interface. Traditionally, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) has an asynchronous interface which means that it responds as quickly as possible to changes in control inputs. SDRAM has a synchronous interface, meaning that it waits for a clock signal before responding to control inputs and is therefore synchronized with the computer's system bus. The clock is used to drive an internal finite state machine that pipelines incoming instructions. This allows the chip to have a more complex pattern of operation than asynchronous DRAM which does not have a synchronized interface.

20. Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)

21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROM AND RAM ROM; if the Central Processing Unit (CPU) needs to access the data on ROM, first the data must be transferred to RAM, and then the Central Processing Unit (CPU) will be able to access the data. WHILE Data present in Read Only Memory (ROM) is not volatile, it is permanent. Data will remain unchanged even when there is disruption in .power supply. The data stored in ROM is used to bootstrap the computer. Data in ROM can only be read, it cannot be modified or erased

22. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROM AND RAM RAM; Data stored on RAM can be accessed by the Central Processing Unit Data of RAM is very volatile, it will exist as long as there is no interruption in power. The data stored in RAM is used by Central Processing Unit (CPU) to process current instructions Data in RAM can be modified, erased or read.