Internal Migration Online

2. `
Major internal migrations ◦Rural to urban
◦Manifest destiny in the US
xThe push west
◦Westward movement in Brazil
xFrom the coast inward
◦Northwestward movement in Canada
◦Northward movement in Australia
xFrom the initial site of settlement in the state of New
South Wales
2

3. `
In the US movement has been ◦Westward and coastward
xSee fig in the text
xWestward movement has always been the largest flow
xNow the south has gained significance
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4. `
In the US movement has been ◦Southward and to the Southwest
xThis has results in the growth of the Sunbelt
xAdvent of air conditioning helped with acclimation to
the heat
xShift of manufacturing activities out of the Midwest
and Northeast to the South region
xRetirement meccas
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5. `
In the US movement has been ◦Rural Renaissance of the 1970s
xAlso called counter urbanization
x“Back to the boonies” movement
xLarge movement of people out of urbanized areas to
rural areas
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6. `
http://pewsocialtrends.org/maps/migration/
xPew Center has Interactive Maps
`
Go this link and take some time to look at
how internal migration patterns have changed
over time. ◦The magnitude and direction of flows have changed
over time
◦Hold the cursor over each region.
◦Be sure to look a each time period (click on each
link)

7. `
Urbanization is defined as BOTH ◦An increase in the number of urban dwellers
◦An increase in the % of urban dwellers
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8. 8
Percent of the population living in urban areas is usually higher in MDCs
than in LDCs.

9. 9
Cities with 2 million or more people. Most of the largest cities are now in LDCs.

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13
Although under half of the people in most less developed regions are
urban, Latin America and the Middle East have urban percentages
comparable to MDCs.

14. `
Drives the urbanization process
`
Urbanization in LDCs now is different when
compared to MDCs in earlier times ◦MDCs urbanized over a much longer period of time
◦Size and pace of growth of LDC cities are
surpassing anything seen before

15. `
Push factors of rural to urban (R2U) migration ◦Large gap in standard of living between elites and
the rest of the population
◦Poor rural conditions
xEnvironmental degradation
xPopulation pressure
xSkewed distribution of resources
xLand fragmentation
xCrop failures

16. `
Pull factors of R2U migration
xConstruction jobs in the cities
xDemand for domestic workers
xWaged work/higher wages
xSocial networks
xFamily members who have already migrated

17. `
In LDCs: trends in R2U migration ◦Continued rapid growth
◦Population concentration
xE.g., Port-au Prince: 33% of the total pop of Haiti lived
there at the time of the quake
◦A diversity of urban areas
◦Unplanned settlements; lack of services &
infrastructure
xSquatter settlements
xFavelas in Brazil, etc

18. `
Factors affecting rapid urbanization in LDCs ◦Overall population growth in these countries is very
rapid
◦Information is much more ubiquitous
xPotential migrants have access to more info about
destination
xMigration is usually within fixed boundaries (i.e.,
within one country)