internal organ presentation under Trauma

Medical Surgical Nursing

1. INTERNAL ORGANS TRAUMA B Y C H I Y U MBA IMBUWA

2. I N T R O D U C T ION These are injuries that affect the internal organs of the body .

3. Types of internal organ Trauma 1 . Thoracic Trauma A . Pulmonary contusion- A bruise of the lung tissue, often caused by a blunt trauma. B . Pneumothorax- Air or gas in the pleural space, which can collapse the lung.

4. CONT . . . . . C. Hemothorax- Blood in the pleural space, often due to trauma. D. Cardiac tamponade- Fluid accumulation in the pericardial space, compressing the heart.

5. C O N T . . . . . . 2 . Abdominal Trauma A . Liver laceration- A tear in the liver tissue, often caused by blunt trauma. B . Spleen rupture- A tear in the spleen tissue, often due to blunt trauma. C . Kidney laceration- A tear in the kidney tissue, often caused by blunt trauma.

6. CONT...... D. Pancreatic injury- Damage to the pancreas, often due to penetrating trauma. E . Intestinal perforation- A hole in the intestinal wall, often caused by penetrating trauma

7. C auses of internal organ trauma 1. Motor vehicle collisions 2. Falls from height 3. Assaults or violence 4. Sports injuries 5. Penetrating trauma (gunshot or stab wounds)

8. signs and symptoms of internal organ trauma 1. Severe abdominal or chest pain 2. Difficulty breathing 3. Rapid heart rate 4. Low blood pressure 5 . T a c h y cardia 6 . B l u r r ed

9. c o n t . . . 7 . Confusion or loss of consciousness 8 . Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material 9 . Blood in the urine or stool

10. diagnosis of internal organ trauma 1. Physical examination 2. Imaging studies (CT scans, X-rays, ultrasound) 3. Laboratory tests (blood work, urinalysis) 4. Endoscopy or laparoscopy (minimally invasive procedures)

11. management and treatment of internal organ trauma 1 . A s s ignment . A s s e s s the l e v e l of i n j ury , d o p h y sical e x amination , c l e a r the a i r w a y , c o n t r ol b l e e d ing . 2 . Surgery to repair damaged organs or blood vessels.

12. C o n t . . . 3 . Blood transfusions. 4 . Fluid resuscitation 5 . Pain management 6 . Monitoring in an intensive care unit (ICU)

13. complications of internal organ trauma 1 . Hemorrhage and Shock d u e to s e v e e b l e e ding 2 . Infection and Sepsis 3 . Organ dysfunction 4 . Psychological trauma 5 . Adhesions and scar tissue 6 . Anaemia

14. R E A DING A S S IGNMENT R e s e a rch and s t u d y o n the c o m p l ications of i n t e r nal organ t r a u ma a nd i l l u s t r a t e o n h o w t h e y c o m e a b o u t .

15. R E F E RENCES A Review of the Current Literature (2018), Internal organ trauma. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 44(3), 349-357. Diagnosis and Management of Internal Organ Injury (2019) Journal of Surgical Research, 233, 137-144. Internal Organ Injury: A Review of the Literature (2020) Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 89(3), 531-538. Trauma. A Comprehensive Review (2020) edited by D. Demetriades and J. Asensio. Trauma Surgery. A Comprehensive Reference (2018) edited by K. Mattox and J. Feliciano