International Accounting Standard 2 (Inventory Mgt).ppt

this document contains slides describing IAS 2 in details.

1. IAS 2 - INVENTORIES
Tahmina Ahmed
Lecturer, Department of AIS
University of Dhaka

2. 2
Objective and Scope
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the accounting treatment
for inventories.
SCOPE:
UMS 2 applies to all inventories, except:
a)Work in progress arising under construction contracts, including
directly related service contracts (see IAS 11 Construction
Contracts)
b)Financial instruments (see IAS 39 Financial Instruments)
c)Biological assets related to agricultural activity and agricultural
produce at the point of harvest (see IAS 41 Agriculture)

3. 3
Definitions
Inventories
a)Held for sale in the ordinary course of business;
b)In the process of production for such sale;
c)In the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the
production process or in the rendering of services.

4. 4
Definitions
Net Realizable Value / Fair Value
• Net Realizable Value: is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business less the
estimated cost of completion and the estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
•Fair Value: is the amount for which an asset could
be exchanged, or a liability settled, between
knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length
transaction.

5. 5
Cost and Valuation
• Inventories shall be measured at the lower of cost and net
realisable value
• The cost of inventories shall comprise all costs of purchase,
cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition.

6. 6
Cost of Purchase
Cost of Purchase
The cost of purchase of inventories comprise the purchase
price, import duties and other taxes, transport, handling and
other costs directly attributable to the acquisition of finished
goods, materials and services.
Trade discounts, rebates and other similar items are
deducted in determining the cost of purchase.

7. 7
Costs of Conversion
The costs of conversion of inventories include costs directly
related to the units of production, such as direct labour. They
also include a systematic allocation of fixed and variable
production overheads that are incurred in converting materials
into finished goods.
The allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of
conversion is based on the normal capacity of the production
facilities. The amount of fixed overhead allocated to each unit
of production is not increased as a consequence of low
production or idle plant.

8. 8
Costs items excluded from cost of inventories
a) Abnormal amounts of wasted materials, labor or other
production costs
b) Storage costs, unless those costs are necessary in the
production process before a further production stage
c) Administrative overheads
d) Selling costs

9. 9
IAS 2
Revised
Differences:
•IAS 2 does not permit exchange differences arising directly on the recent
acquisition of inventories invoiced in a foreign currency to be included in
the costs of purchase of inventories.
•Paragraph 18 was inserted to clarify that when inventories are
purchased with deferred settlement terms, the difference between the
purchase price for normal credit terms and the amount paid is
recognized as interest expense over the period of financing.
•The Standard does not permit the use of the last-in, first-out (LIFO)
formula to measure the cost of inventories.

10. 10
Cost Formulas
•Goods or services produced and segregated for specific
projects shall be assigned by using specific identification of
their individual costs
•The First-in, First out (FIFO)
•Weighted average cost formula
•An entity shall use the same cost formula for all inventories
having a similar nature and use to the entity.
For inventories with a different nature or use, different cost
formulas may be justified.

11. 11
Net Realisable Value
Estimated Selling Price X
Discounts (X)
Estimated cost of completion (X)
Selling Costs (X)
---
Net Realisable Value X

12. 12
Provision for inventory impairment
•The cost of inventories may not be recoverable if those inventories are
damaged, if they have become wholly or partially obsolete, or if their
selling prices have declined. The cost of inventories may also not be
recoverable if the estimated costs of completion or the estimated costs
to be incurred to make the sale have increased. The practice of writing
inventories down below cost to net realisable value is consistent with the
view that assets should not be carried in excess of amounts expected to
be realized from their sale or use.
•Materials and other supplies held for use in the production of inventories
are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will
be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.

13. 13
Disclosure
•The accounting policies adopted in measuring inventories, including
the cost of formula used,
•The total carrying amount of inventories and the carrying amount in
classifications appropriate to the entity,
•the carrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less costs to
sell,
•the amount of inventories recognized as an expense during the period,
•the amount of any write-down of inventories recognized as an expense
in the period,
•the amount of any reversal of any write-down that is recognized as a
reduction, in the amount of inventories recognized as expense,
•the circumstances or events that led to the reversal of a write-down of
inventories,
•the carrying amount of inventories pledged as security for liabilities.

14. 14
Recognition as an Expense
•When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those
inventories shall be recognized as an expense in the
period in which the related revenue is recognized.
•The amount of any write-down of inventories to net
realisable value and all losses of inventories shall be
recognized as an expense in the period the write-down or
loss.
•The amount of any reversal of any write-down of
inventories, arising from an increase in net realisable
value, shall be recognized as a reduction in the amount of
inventories recognized as an expense in the period in
which the reversal occurs.

15. 15
Queries.