International classification of drugs and IPNP

icd10 icd 9, comparison between them
new icd 11
active and passive survellence
ICD
ipnp
survelliance

1. International classification of disease PREPARED BY : SONAL VIJAY PANDE MPHARM PHARMACOLOGY

2. International classification of disease The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th version (ICD 10) is the international standard prescribed by WHO So that the morbidity & mortality databases are comparable within the various region/states of the country and between countries of region/world. Why we need this

3. ICD 10 coding was introduced by WHO in the year 1993 and India adopted the same in the year 2000 ICD-9 does not facilitate the continued need for greater coding detail and cannot continue to accommodate the addition of necessary diagnostic codes The ICD-10 code set will allow for greater measurement and tracking of quality outcomes

4. ICD 9 AND ICD 10 ICD -9 17 Chapters Numeric codes ( 001-999 ) Diagnosis code 3-5 characters in length Approximately 13000 diagnosis codes Limited space for adding new codes Lacks detail Lacks laterality ICD- 10 22 chapters alphanumeric coding, (A00-Z99) Diagnosis code 3-7 characters in length Approximately 68000 diagnosis codes Flexible for adding new codes Very specific • Has laterality

5. COMPARISON OF PROCEDURES ICD-9 3-4 numbers in length Approximately 3,000 codes • Lacks descriptions of methodology and approach for procedures Lacks precision to adequately define procedures Lacks detail, laterality Based on outdated technology ICD-10 7 alpha-numeric characters in length Approximately 87,000 available codes Provides detailed descriptions of methodology and approach for procedures Precisely defines procedures with detail regarding body part, approach, any device used, and qualifying information Very specific & has laterality Reflects current usage of medical terminology and devices

6. Types of classifications Reference classifications Related classifications Derived classifications

7. Reference classifications Cover the main parameters of the health system, such as death, disease, functioning, disability, health and health interventions. Approved and recommended as guidelines for international reporting on health e.g. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) (under development)

8. Derived classification Based upon reference classifications. • May be prepared by adopting the reference classification structure and classes. or • Providing additional detail beyond that provided by the reference classification . at the national or international level. e.g. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, (ICD-O) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders Application of the ICD to dentistry and stomatology Application of the ICD to neurology (ICD-NA)  Application of the ICD to dermatology Application of the ICD to paediatrics  Application of the ICD to rheumatology and orthopaedics (ICD-R & 0)

9. Related classification Associated with the reference classification at specific levels of the structure only e.g. International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC ) International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI ) The Anatomical therapeutic chemical classification (ATC) with defined daily doses ( ATC/DDD) Technical aids for persons with disabilities: classification and terminology ( ISO9999)

10. Icd-10 Volume 1 Volume 3 Volume 2 This contains the report of the International Conference, the classification itself at the three and four-character levels, morphology of neoplasms, special tabulation lists for mortality and morbidity, definitions, and the nomenclature regulations Instructional matter and guidance on the use of Volume 1, on tabulations, and on planning for the use of ICD.

11. Volume 3 all the terms classifiable to Chapters I–XIX and Chapter XXI SECTION 1 index of external causes of morbidity and mortality and contains all the terms classifiable to Chapter XX Table of drugs and chemicals SECTION 2 SECTION 3

12. ICD-10 22 CHAPTERS

13. Icd-11

14. INTERNATIONAL NON-PROPRIETARY NAMES FOR DRUGS

15. The WHO International Nonproprietary Name (INN) Programme To provide one single name worldwide for active pharmaceutical substances Initiated in 1950 by resolution WHA3.11 Operational since 1953 Based on WHO Constitution

16. Drugs are generally marketed by their brand names though there is a legal requirement to mention generic names in the labels. Countries have their own systems of generic nomenclature for pharmaceutical substances. However owing to the various languages used by different national nomenclature systems, there is a need to have a uniform standardized system of generic names that are accepted worldwide, which would help in identifying the composition of a pharmaceutical substance. • The WHO administers an international generic nomenclature system called INNs also known as rINN , for recommended International Nonproprietary Name or pINN for proposed International Nonproprietary Name ).

17. INN FANCY TERM STEM TERM Stems are those parts of a group of pharmacologically related INNs that indicate the relationship between two pharmaceutical substances using a common element or compound the INN clopidogrel comprises the stem - grel and the fancy term clopido

18. SURVELLIANCE " sur" means "from above" and " veiller " means "to watch Surveillance is a systematic process of collection, transmission, analysis and feedback of public health data for decision making . It serves as an early warning system for impending public health emergencies. It document the impact of an intervention, or track progress towards specified goals Monitor and clarify the epidemiology of health problems, to allow priorities to be set and to inform public health policy and strategies.

19. Purpose Describing trends and the natural (secular) history of health problems Detecting epidemics Providing details about patterns of disease Monitoring changes in disease agents through laboratory testing

20. Planning and setting health program priorities Evaluating the effects of prevention and control measures Detecting critical changes in health practices

21. A dynamic vision of survellince

22. Survellince Active Community based Passive Hospital based

23. Community based survellince • Community-based Surveillance (CBS) is an active process of community participation in detecting, reporting, responding to and monitoring health events in the community. •The main reporters are community members who detect and report cases that might be otherwise not be reported to health care facilities. • To do this , community awareness campaign is essential to carry out like educating them about the signs and symptom of disease.  

24. • Low and middle income countries often uses CBS to track diseases. It is conducted by volunteers who receive training on health conditions from health care worker or health care facilities to detect and report suspected cases to the facility • The scope of CBS is limited to systematic on- going collection of data on events and diseases using simplified case definitions and forms and reporting to health facilities

25. Hospital based survellince • The main reporter in this surveillance system is physician or any proper system placed in hospital for regularly reporting and capturing information . • The hospital may assign any physician or proper system to take responsibility for such reporting • This type of surveillance requires an accurate estimation of the demographic characteristics of the population under surveillance • The hospital administration should be fully informed and understand the importance of surveillance.

26. Sentinel Surveillance Sentinel surveillance involves the use of a sample of providers -- most generally, a sample of physicians or emergency rooms -- to identify trends in diseases that occur at relatively high frequencies. E.g ., sentinel surveillance systems, such as those for influenza, provide timely information about trends in influenza-like illness activitiy , and are useful for obtaining information about strains that may be circulating in a community -- assuming that there is a laboratory-based component to the surveillance

27. Special Surveillance System Special surveillance systems have been found useful for certain types of surveillance activities The Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) involves administering a questionnaire to a random sample of individuals on a ongoing basis to identify trends in behavior that affect health risk -- e.g., monitoring the impact of such activities as breast cancer screening with mammography, cervical cancer with pap smears, use of smoke alarms in houses, as well as other health-related behaviors and practices Microbiologic surveys have been useful in determining the antibioltic resistance among persons with invasive pneumococcal infections