International health agencies

in this presentation there are the classification of International health agencies in to four groups Multilateral, Bilateral, Nongovernmental, Other, year of establishment, roles in health sectors described in details.

1. Topic: International Health Agencies Dr. Arun Singh Professor & Head Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, U.P., India

2. Learning objectives: At the end of this chapter the students will understand 1. The need of various international health agencies 2. The types of health agencies & role played by them

3. Inequalities in health & wealth of nations Low income countries-Poorest countries (LICs) - 2.3 billion people live Lower-middle income countries (LMICs )- 2.6 billion people live Upper-middle income countries (UMICs )- 333 million High income countries HICs - 972 million people live

4. Unequal distribution of resources in the world Access to or ability to exploit resources e.g. oil, and food. Restated, over 80% of people live in nations with access to less than 20% of the world’s wealth and productive capacity. More striking is that 2.5 million of the world’s poor collectively have less wealth than the world’s richest 400 individuals.

5. Health inequalities Life Expectancy varies by more than 48 years among countries (Japan 81.5; Zambia 32.7 ) 20 years or more within countries Social factors influence the occurrence of most forms of disease lie at the root of health inequalities

6. Four types of international agencies Multilateral Bilateral Nongovernmental Other

7. 1. Multilateral International Health Agencies Funding comes from multiple governments and NGOs World Health Organization (WHO) Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nation Development Programme (UNDP) World Bank ( WB) United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO ) United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA ) UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR ) UN Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC)

8. 2. Bilateral Agencies Bilateral agencies functioning in India SIDA for RNTCP, DANIDA for NBCP France emphasizes its former colonies e.g. Cuba, and China Australia emphasizes its Western-Pacific neighbors Others emphasize their expertise e.g. the Netherlands supports water technologies. United States links aid to democratic reforms and human rights

9. 3. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) International Red Cross Red Crescent movement Oxford Famine Relief (OXFAM ) CARE International Save the Children International Alliance World Vision Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF, Doctors Without Borders)

10. 4. Other Agencies Bill and Melinda Gates Health-Care Planning, Organization, and Evaluation Foundation Robert Wood Johnson Foundation David and Lucille Packard Foundation Aga Khan Development Network

11. WHO-1946

12. WHO

13. Structure of WHO

14. WORK OF WHO : Prevention and control of specific diseases Development of Comprehensive services Family health Bio-Medical Research Health Statistics Environmental Health, Health literature and information Co-operation with other organization

15. World Health Organization regional offices SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New Delhi (India (WHO-SEARO) Africa-Harare(Zimbabwe) - (WHO-AFRO) Americas-Washington D.C ( U.S.A ) (WHO-AMRO) Europe-Copenhagen (Denmark) (WHO/Europe) Western Pacific Manila (Philippines)- (WHO-WPRO) The World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean - ( WHO-EMRO)

16. UNICEF-1946

17. UNICEF-1946 Specialized agency of the United Nations . Headquarters-New York Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO Provides assistance in varied fields of MCH and environmental sanitation.

18. Services provided by UNICEF: Child health Child nutrition Family health and child welfare Education (Formal and non-formal)

19. UNDP-1966 – New York

20. Services by UNDP-1966 Help poorer nations develop their human and natural resources Economic Social Sector Agriculture Industry Education Science Health Social welfare.

21. Food and Agriculture O rganization ( FAO )-1945 The food and agriculture organization(FAO) was formed in the year 1945 Headquarters in Rome. Eliminate hunger Food   insecurity Malnutrition . Make   agriculture , forestry, and fisheries more productive 

22. International Labour Organization (ILO)-1919 The ILO became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946 its headquarters in  Geneva, Switzerland Decent work J ustice for workers P roviding technical assistance

23. United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) Established -1961 Washington , DC

24. Activities of USAID 1)Malaria eradication 2)Medical education 3)Nursing education 4)Health education 5)Water supply and sanitation 6)Control of communicable diseases 7)Nutrition 8)Family planning

25. International Red Cross 1863 Geneva, Switzerland War wounded, prisoners, refugees,  civilians

26. Co-operative for assistance and relief everywhere (CARE) 1945 Geneva, Switzerland Humanitarian aid organizations Focused on fighting global poverty