International Health Powerpoint presentation

on international health

1. International Health

2. AGENCIES
Important milestone in international
health work:
Establishment of Pan-American
Sanitary Bureau, 1902 (PASB)
World’s 1st International health
agency.

3. In America:
1902(Estb. PASB)

1947(Change name to PASO)
1949(WHO Regional Office for
America)
1958 (Change to Pan American
Health Organization i.e.PAHO

4. At International Level
1903(Internationa Sanitary Conference)
1907:

European:
(European:“Office International
d’hygiene publique” = “Paris Office”)
To disseminate
information on
communicable
diseases
To supervise
international
quarantine
measures
OIHP existed till 1950 – then taken over by the WHO.

5. Health organization of the league
of Nations (1923)
Established after 1st World War (1914-18).

Health Organization did excellent work
Training of
public
health
workers
Nutrition
Standardization
of certain
biological
preparations
Epidemiological
information
Housing & rural
hygiene
Quarantine
regulation
In 1939 - League of Nations dissolve but its health organization in
Geneva continued – “Weekly Epidemiology as records” publication.

6. The United Nations Relief &
Rehabilitation Administration (1943)
Set up in 1943 with the purpose to
provide relief & rehabilitation to
persons affected by 2nd World War.
Special work of UNRRA
Prevention of spread of typhus
Malaria control in Greece & Italy.
By 1946 terminated its existence &
taken over by WHO.

7. WHO
Head quarter: Geneva, Switzerland
Birth :
1945:
San Francisco Conference
Proposed by Brazil & China
Establishment of International Health Organization.
1946:
International Health Conference in New York
The constitution was drawn up by “Technical
Preparatory Committee” chairman: Rene Sand
7th April 1948:Ratification secured. Formal
existence of WHO as a specialized agency

8. Objective: “the attainment of the
highest level of health by all people”
WHO is unique among the U.N. specialized
agencies as it has its own-
•Constitution
•Governing bodies
•Membership
•Budget

9. Important policies

Imp. Policies
Alma-Ata Conference in
1978
on Primary Health Care.
Global strategy for
Health for all by 2000 A.D.
Membership:
1948:56 member
1996:190 member states,2 Associate members.

10. Functions / Activities
It act as the directing & coordinating authority
on all international health work.
Prevention & control of specific diseases.
Development of comprehensive health services.
Family Health.
Environmental Health.
Health Statistics.
Biomedical Research.
Health Information.
Cooperation with other health organizations.

11. Prevention & control of specific
diseases
Successfully eradicated small pox
Now global battle against AIDS.
Epidemiological Surveillance of Communicable diseases
Weekly Epidemiological Records”
International Health Regulation
Aim is
To ensure maximum security against international spread
of diseases with minimum interference with world traffic.
Also non-communicable disease – programmes.
Cancer, cardio-vascular diseases, genetic disorders,
Drug addiction, mental health & dental health (WHO Day
2001)

12. Cont….
WHO also deals with:
* Vector control
* Immunology
* Quality Control of drugs
& biological products
* Drug evaluation
/monitoring.
* Health laboratory
technology

13. Development of Comprehensive
Health Services
To promote & support development of
National
Health Policy
National Health
Programme
Health systems
based on
Primary health
care
Health manpower
& utilization
Health
infrastructure
Management
Health Service
Research
Long term
National capability
Appropriate Technology
for health (ATH)

14. Family Health
Major programme activity since1970
● Maternal & child health
● Human reproduction
● Nutrition
● Health Education

Family as a
unit
Aim

Improveme
nt of the
quality

15. Environmental Health
Programmes:
 WHO Environmental Health Criteria
Progamme.
 WHO Environmental Health Monitoring
Programme.
WHO advises Govt. components :
Provision of basic sanitary services
Protection of quality of air, water and food.
Health conditions of work.

16. Health statistics
Dissemination of morbidity & mortality
statistics (Publications) in:
Weekly Epidemiological Records
World Health Statistics Quarterly
World Health Statistics Annual
International Classification of Diseases
(Upgraded every 10 years).
Assistance for planning & operating
national health information system

17. Biomedical Research
Stimulates & coordinates :
•Establishment of a worldwide network of
research work of WHO collaborating
centers.
•Awarding grants for research
•Global Advisory Committee
Regional Advisory Committee

18. Cont…
WHO Special Programme for Research &
Training in 6 tropical diseases:
–Malaria
–Filariasis
–Leprosy
–Schisotosomiasis
–Trypansomiasis
–Leishmaniasis

19. Health information
WHO library – one of the satellite centre of
the Medical Literature Analysis & Retrieval
System.
MEDLARS
Only fully computerized indexing system
covering the whole of medicine on an
international basis.

20. WHO STRUCTURE
1) World Health Assembly
(Health Parliament)
Functions:
• Determine International health policy,
programmes.
• Review past year’s work done.
• Approve budget for the following year.
• Elect member state to designate a person to
serve for 3 yrs on Executive Board & to replace
retiring members.
• Organize technical discussion.

21. Cont…
2) Executive Board:
31 members
meeting twice
January
May
Functions:
· To give effect to the decisions & policies of the
assembly.
· Power to act during emergency.

22. Cont…
3) The Secretariat:
Head- The Director General
Functions :
i)To provide member states with technical &
managerial support for national health
programmes.
ii) It comprises of 14 divisions.

23. Regions
Manila (Philippines) Western Pacific 6
Alexandria (Egypt) Eastern Mediterranean 5
Copenhagen
(Denmark)
Europe4
Washington D.C.
(U.S.A.)
America3
Brazzaville (Congo) Africa2
New DelhiSouth East Asia 1
HeadquarterRegionsSr.No

24. WHO Activities in South East Asia Region
Communicable Diseases: Malaria, Tuberculosis,
Others
Vaccine production
MCH
Environmental health & water supply
Mental health
Health statistics
Nursing
Nutrition
Public health administration & rural health
Health education
Dental health
Medical rehabilitation
Quality control of drugs
Medical Education

25. UNICEF
Development:
Established in 1946 by United
Nations General Assembly
United Nation’s International
Children’s Emergency Fund
for
Rehabilitation of children in war
ravaged countries
New Name United Nation Children's
fund but retained the initial UNICEF.

26. Cont…
UNICEF’s regional office :
New Delhi, South Central Asian Region.
Head Quarter: New York, United Nation
UNICEF works with close coordination with :
•WHO
•UNDP
•FAO
•UNESCO

27. Cont…
Working with WHO
Earlier:
Malaria
TB
VD
Later:
Health Education
Health Centre
MCH
Nutrition
Environmental Health
Provision of water supply to rural areas
Indirect/Direct
benefit to child
health

28. Cont…
More recent strategy
 Health
Concept of whole child
Nutrition

“Community Health
Programming”
i.e. to meet the needs of children as
an integral part of country’s development

Long term development
Immediate
benefit to
children

29. Service coverage
Child nutrition
Child health
Family & child welfare
Education

30. Cont…
A) Child Nutrition:
Supplementary feeding programme-
Development of low cost protein rich food
mixture.
Applied Nutrition Programme – with FAO
with principle of:
Community Development
School Health Services
Agricultural Extension
Programme failed
Not existing now

31. Cont…
Supply of modern dairy equipment:
In the States of-Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
West Bengal & Uttar Pradesh.

32. Cont….
•Special Aids: To combat nutritional
deficiency disorders-
•Provision of Vitamin A
•Enrichment of salt with Iodine
•Provision of iron and folate
supplement
•Food enrichment

33. Cont…
B) Child Health:
•Vaccine production & Sera Production
•Erection of Penicillin plant at Pimpri, Pune
•Donated DDT plant
•Environmental Sanitation Programme
•Safe and adequate drinking water supply
in rural areas
•Provision of primary health care for
Mothers & Children

34. Cont…
C) Family & Child Welfare:-
•Parent Education
•Day care centre
•Child welfare and youth agencies
D) Education: Formal and non formal
•In collaboration with UNESCO
•Library books
•Science lab equipments
•Workshop tools
•A-V aids, etc

35. Promotion of “Child Health Revolution”
by UNICEF
G: Growth monitoring
O:Oral rehydration
B:Breast feeding promotion
I:Immunization (UIP
programme)
F:Female literacy
F:Family planning
F:Food production

36. FAO
Formed in 1945
Head quarters in Rome
Aims:
i) to improve nutrition of people of all
countries
ii) to increase the efficiency of Farming,
Forestry & Fisheries
iii) to better the condition of rural people
iv) to help nations to raise their living
standards

37. Cont…
Prime concern – to increase production of food
to keep pace with ever increasing world
population
Important aspect is consumption of food by the
people who need it.
In sufficient quantities In right proportion
FFHC – World Freedom from Hunger Campaign
(1960)
To combat malnutrition
To disseminate information and education
Joint WHO / FAO Expert Committees’ activities –
a) Nutritional survey
b) Training Courses / Seminars
c) Research programme co-ordination
– zoonotic diseases –
brucellosis

38. Cont…
FAO's mandate is to raise levels of nutrition,
improve agricultural productivity, better the lives
of rural populations and contribute to the growth
of the world economy.
FAO's activities comprise four main areas: FAO's
activities comprise four main areas:
*
Putting information within
reach.
*
Sharing policy expertise.
*
Providing a meeting place
for nations.
*
Bringing knowledge to the
field.

39. Cont…
Putting information within reach :
FAO serves as a knowledge network
It uses the expertise of its staff - to
collect, analyze and disseminate data that
aid development
publishes hundreds of newsletters, reports
and books, distribute several magazines,
create numerous CD-ROMS and host
dozens of electronic fora.

40. Cont…
Sharing policy expertise :
FAO lends its years of experience to
member countries in agricultural
policy, supporting planning, drafting
effective legislation and creating
national strategies to achieve rural
development and hunger alleviation
goals.

41. Cont…
Providing a meeting place for
nations :
 On any given day, dozens of policy-
makers and experts from around the globe
convene at headquarters to forge
agreements on major food and agriculture
issues.
FAO provides the setting where rich and
poor nations can come together to build
common understanding.

42. Cont…
Bringing knowledge to the field :
FAO mobilizes and manages millions of
dollars provided by industrialized
countries, development banks and other
sources to make sure the projects achieve
their goals.
FAO is governed by the Conference of
Member Nations, which meets every two
years to review the work carried out by
the Organization and approve a
Programme of Work and Budget for the
next biennium.

43. Cont…
FAO is composed of eight
departments: Administration and
Finance, Agriculture,
Economic and Social, Fisheries,
Forestry, General Affairs and
Information,
Sustainable Development and
Technical Cooperation.

44. Cont…
FAO employs more than 3700 staff
members - 1500 professional and
2200 general service staff - and
maintains five regional offices, five
sub regional offices, five liaison
offices and 74 fully-fledged country
offices (excluding those hosted in
Regional and Sub regional Offices),
in addition to its headquarters in
Rome.

45. Cont…
Continuous improvement
Since 1994, FAO has undergone the most significant
restructuring
Highlights of the reforms include :
greater electronic access to FAO statistical
databases and documents
broadened links with the private sector and non-
governmental organizations
increased use of experts from developing
countries and countries in transition
the transfer of staff from headquarters to the field
increased emphasis on food security

46. UNDP
United Nations Development Programme is
the UN's global development network.
UNDP is working in 166 countries on their own
solutions to global and national development
challenges helping them develop the capacities
required to achieve the Millennium Development
Goals (MDG's).

World leaders have pledged to achieve the
Millennium Development Goals, including the
overarching goal of cutting poverty in half by 2015.
UNDP's network links and coordinates global and
national efforts to reach these Goals.

47. Cont…
The focus is helping countries build
and share solutions to the challenges
of:
Democratic Governance
Poverty Reduction
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Energy and Environment
HIV/AIDS

48. Cont…
In early 2000, UNDP created the Bureau
for Resources and Strategic Partnerships
to coordinate and nurture its working
relationships with donor countries, civil
society organizations, foundations,
international financial institutions, the
private sector and rest of the UN system.
 Its now better prepared than ever before
to help developing countries attract human
and financial assistance and use it
effectively.

49. ILO
The International Labour Organization is
the UN specialized agency which seeks the
promotion of social justice and
internationally recognized human and
labour rights.
Founded in 1919
It is the only surviving major creation of
the Treaty of Versailles which brought the
League of Nations into being.
First specialized agency of the UN in 1946

50. Cont…
The ILO formulates international labour standards
in the form of Conventions and Recommendations
setting minimum standards of basic labour rights:
freedom of association
 the right to organize
 collective bargaining
 abolition of forced labour
 equality of opportunity and treatment
 other standards regulating conditions across the entire spectrum
of work related issues

51. Cont…
ILO provides technical assistance primarily in the
fields of:
• vocational training and vocational
rehabilitation
• employment policy
• labour administration
• labour law and industrial relations
• working conditions
• management development
• cooperatives
• social security
• labour statistics and occupational safety and
health.

52. Structure of the ILO
The ILO is the permanent secretariat of the
International Labour Organization
It’s a focal point for the overall activities that it
prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and
under the leadership of a Director-General
Director-General is elected for a five-year renewable
term. Director-General: Mr. Juan Somavia.
The Office employs 1,900 officials of over 110
nationalities at the Geneva headquarters & in 40 field
offices around the world.
 In addition, some 600 experts undertake missions in
all regions of the world under the programme of
technical cooperation.
It constitutes a research and documentation centre and
a printing house issuing a range of specialized studies,
reports and periodicals.

53. Cont…
Strategic objectives of ILO are:
Promote and realize standards and fundamental principles
and rights at work
–Standards and fundamental principles and rights at work
–Child labour
–Normative action
Create greater opportunities for women and men to secure
decent employment and income
–Employment policy support
–Knowledge, skills and employability
–Employment creation
Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protectio
n for all
- Social security
- Working conditions

54. Cont…
 Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue
-Social partners
-Governments and institutions of social dialogue

Cross-cutting activities
-Shaping the ILO agenda: Decent Work: Inter-sectoral
Operational Support
-Shaping the ILO agenda: Gender equality
-Expanding knowledge: Statistics
-Expanding knowledge: International Institute for Labour
Studies
-Expanding knowledge: International Training Centre of the
ILO, Turin.
-Improving awareness of ILO perspectives: External
relations and partnerships
- Improving awareness of ILO perspectives:
Communications

55. World bank
The World Bank is a vital source of
financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world
It is made up of two unique development
institutions owned by 184 member
countries :
1)The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
2) The
International Development Association (ID
A)

56. Cont…
The IBRD focuses on middle income
and creditworthy poor countries.
IDA focuses on the poorest countries
in the world.
- providing interest-free loans and
some grants for programs aimed at
boosting economic growth and
improving living conditions to meet
the Millennium Development Goals.

57. Cont…
Together they provide low-interest loans,
interest-free credit and grants to
developing countries for education, health,
infrastructure, communications and many
other purposes.
Last year, the World Bank provided $20.1
billion for 245 projects in developing
countries worldwide
The bank is currently involved in more
than 1,800 projects in virtually every
sector and developing country.

58. Cont…
India's fight against HIV began in earnest with
the start of the World bank-financed
National AIDS Control Project, approved in 1992.
To promote nationwide efforts, the project set up
AIDS control offices in 32 states and union
territories.
It also helped establish an Information,
Education, and Communication (IEC) program,
exploiting media and traditional communications
channels such as folk music, festivals, awareness
campaigns, and elephant parades to highlight the
risks of HIV/AIDS.
Other programmes in India assisted by the World
Bank are the District Primary Education
Programme, improvement in the Reproductive
and child health programme, scaling up activities
for empowerment of women.

59. UNFPA
UNFPA, the United Nations Fund for Population
Activities or United Nations’ Population Fund, is an
international development agency that promotes the
right of every woman, man and child to enjoy a life of
health and equal opportunity.
UNFPA seeks to improve the lives and expand the
choices of individuals and couples.
 Main areas of UNFPA's work, were affirmed at the
1994 International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD) in Cairo.

60. Cont…
179 countries agreed on a roadmap
for progress with the following goals :
Universal access to reproductive health
services by 2015
Universal primary education and closing
the gender gap in education by 2015
Reducing maternal mortality by 75 per
cent by 2015
Reducing infant mortality
Increasing life expectancy
Reducing HIV infection rates

61. Cont…
Improving Reproductive Health :
Some 350 million couples lack the ability to plan
their families or space their children.
UNFPA promotes a holistic approach to
reproductive health care that includes:
Universal access to accurate information, a range
of safe and affordable contraceptive methods,
and sensitive counseling;
Ensuring that quality obstetric and antenatal care
is available to all pregnant women
Prevention and management of sexually
transmitted infections, including HIV .

62. Cont…
Making Motherhood Safer:
Every minute, a woman in the developing world
dies from treatable complications of pregnancy or
childbirth. Every minute, a family is devastated
UNFPA's strategy for preventing maternal
mortality includes:
Family planning to reduce unintended pregnancies
Skilled attendance at all births
Timely emergency obstetric care for all women who
develop complications.

63. Cont…
Supporting Adolescents and Youth :
Half of the world – some 3 billion people - are
under the age of 25
UNFPA invests in programmes to meet young
people's needs for health care, education,
economic opportunity and life skills.
The Fund works to ensure that adolescents
and young people receive
accurate information,
 non-judgmental counseling
 comprehensive and affordable services to
prevent unwanted pregnancy and sexually
transmitted infections, including HIV.

64. Cont…
Preventing HIV/AIDS :In 2004, more than
3 million people died from AIDS, and 5
million were newly infected. Each day 14,000
people—half of them aged 15 to 24—acquire
the infection. Women are increasingly at risk.
Key priorities are promoting safer sexual
behaviour -- including delayed sexual
initiation -- among young people, making
sure condoms are readily available and
widely and correctly used, and preventing
the infection among pregnant women and
their children.

65. Cont…
Promoting Gender Equality :Women can and
must play a powerful role in sustainable
development and poverty eradication.
When women are educated and healthy, their
families, communities and countries benefit.
Gender equality is a human right and one of the
eight Millennium Development Goals
For more than 30 years, UNFPA has been in the
forefront of bringing gender issues to wider
attention, promoting legal and policy reforms and
gender-sensitive data collection, and supporting
projects that empower women economically.

66. Cont…
Protecting Human Rights: All individuals are
entitled to equal rights and protections. This idea
is fundamental to UNFPA's mission and to its way
of working.
A strong emphasis on the rights of individual
women and men underpins the 1994 Cairo
Consensus that guides UNFPA's work.
delegates from all regions and cultures agreed
that reproductive health is a basic human right
and that individuals have the right to choose the
number, timing and spacing of their children.

67. Cont…
UNFPA's Global Reach :
UNFPA supports programmes in four
regions: the Arab States and Europe, Asia
and the Pacific, Latin America and the
Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. It
works in over 140 countries, areas and
territories through nine Country Technical
Services Teams and 112 country offices.
Three-quarters of UNFPA staff work in the
field.

68. UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was founded on 16
November 1945.
UNESCO functions as
-laboratory of ideas a standard-setter
- Clearing house– for the dissemination and
sharing of information and knowledge
- Helping Members to build their human &
institutional capacities in diverse fields
- To promote international cooperation among
its 191 Member States and six Associate
Members.

69. Cont…
Through its strategies and activities, UNESCO is
actively pursuing the
Millennium Development Goals , especially those
aiming to:



halve the proportion of people living in extreme
poverty in developing countries by 2015


achieve universal primary education in all countries
by 2015


eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
education by 2005


help countries implement a national strategy for
sustainable development by 2005 to reverse current
trends in the loss of environmental resources by
2015.

70. UNHCR
The Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees was established on
December 14, 1950 by the United Nations General
Assembly.
Mr. Antonio Guterres is the High Commissioner for
the organization
Refugees are legally defined as people who are
outside their countries of origin because of a well
founded fear of persecution based on their race,
religion, nationality, political opinion or membership
in a particular social group, and who cannot or do
not want to return home.
It strives to ensure that everyone can exercise the
right to seek asylum and find safe refuge in another
State, with the option to return home voluntarily,
integrate locally or to resettle in a third country.

71. Cont…
In more than five decades, UNHCR
has helped an estimated 50 million
people restart their lives. Today, a
staff of around 6,540 people in 116
countries continues to help 19.2
million persons.

72. UNIDO
The United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO) has been working since
1966
UNIDO Director-General is Kandeh Yumkella
UNIDO’s mission is to help countries pursue
sustainable industrial development .
Sustainable industrial development is never easy
to achieve. It means balancing concerns for:
Competitive Economy
Sound Environment
Productive Employment .
The 3Es- economy, employment and
environment - are guiding beacons for UNIDO’s
approach

73. Cont…
From a practical point of view, UNIDO
strives to strengthen industrial
development in three broad categories:
Industry’s role in the economic structure
Production technology, production
processes and production efficiency
The enabling environment for industrial
growth.

74. UNAIDS
UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/ AIDS brings
together the efforts and resources of ten
UN system organizations to the global
AIDS response.
Cosponsors include UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP,
UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, ILO, UNESCO,
WHO and the World Bank. Based in
Geneva, the UNAIDS works on the ground
in more than 75 countries worldwide.

75. Cont…
UNAIDS has five focus areas
including:
Leadership and advocacy
Strategic Information and technical
support
Tracking monitoring and evaluation
Civil society engagement and
Mobilization of resources

76. Cont….
UNAIDS is responsible for developing,
disseminating and monitoring the
implementation of policies on social,
political, cultural, medical, health and
economic issues thatguide countries in
developing effective programmes.
Some issues central to addressing HIV on
which UNAIDS has developed policies are
HIV prevention, testing for HIV, and
addressing vulnerability of young people
who are increasingly and
disproportionately affected by HIV.

77. Cont…
To develop, disseminate and advocate sound
policies, UNAIDS:
Collects evidence and best practice
Consults with diverse stakeholders including
UNAIDS
Reference groups established on specific issues,
multi partner groups including governmental and
non governmental representatives and the ten
cosponsors of UNAIDS.
For key issues, obtains the endorsement of the
UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board, as the
policy making arm of the UN on HIV.
Documents and disseminates the policies in a
variety of formats including the Best Practice
Collection.

78. USAID
The United States Agency for
International Development is an
independent federal government agency
that receives overall foreign policy
guidance from the Secretary of State.
It supports long-term and equitable
economic growth and advances U.S.
foreign policy objectives by supporting:
economic growth, agriculture and trade
global health; and,
democracy, conflict prevention and
humanitarian assistance.

79. Cont…
It provides assistance in four regions
of the world:
Sub-Saharan Africa;
Asia and the Near East;
Latin America and the Caribbean,
and;
Europe and Eurasia.

80. Cont…
With headquarters in Washington, D.C.,
USAID's strength is its field offices around
the world.
USAID works in agriculture, democracy
& governance, economic growth, the
environment, education, health,
global partnerships, and humanitarian
assistance in more than 100 countries to
provide a better future for all.

81. DANIDA
Danish International Development Agency
(DANIDA) is funded by the Government of
Denmark to carry out many activities related to
health and education.
Objectives: Reducing poverty in developing
countries is central to Danish development
cooperation priorities.
A number of crosscutting themes are built into
DANIDA’s development assistance: women’s
participation in development, the environment,
promotion of democracy and observation of
human rights.

82. Cont…
Countries in which DANIDA currently works are:
Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso,
Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Kenya,
Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,
Tanzania, Uganda, Viet Nam, Zambia, and
Zimbabwe.
In India, DANIDA is supporting three major
health programmes namely – DANLEP i.e. Danida
Assisted National Leprosy Eradication
Programme,
DANPCB i.e. Danida Assisted National Programme
for the control of Blindness and
DANTB, i.e. Danida Assisted Revised National TB
Control Programme in a phased manner.

83. SIDA
The Swedish Agency for International
Development Cooperation, SIDA is a
government agency under the Ministry for
Foreign Affairs.
SIDA’s goal is to contribute to making it
possible for poor people to improve their living
conditions.
SIDA is a global organization. Its head office
is in Sweden and it has field offices in some
50 countries.
Its total staff (excluding those on leave of
absence) numbers 759, of whom 172 work in
the field at some 50 embassies and section
offices.

84. Cont…
Reducing poverty through economic growt
h
Financing
Infrastructure
Information & Communication Technologie
s (ICT)

Contract-financed technical co-operation
Private Sector Development
Urban development

85. Cont…
Education and health
Health and development
HIV/AIDS
Natural resources and the environment
Rural development
Agriculture
Forestry
Water
Ocean and coasts
Biological diversity

86. Cont…

Humanitarian aid and SIDA’s contributions to pea
ce and security
Economic reforms
Capacity Development
Corruption

Programme Support

Providing support through Swedish NGOs
Research
Human rights and democracy
Culture and media

Gender Equality

Human rights and democracy

87. DFID
The Department for International
Development (DFID) is the part of the UK
Government that manages Britain's aid to poor
countries and works to get rid of extreme
poverty.
It has two headquarters (in London and East
Kilbride, near Glasgow) and 25 offices
overseas. It also has over 2500 staff, almost half
of whom work abroad.

88. Cont…
DFID Values:
DFID's values define the way in which it
intends to live up to its strategic aim of
halving world poverty by the year 2015.
They also provide a framework for
improved performance. The values are:
ambition and determination to eliminate
poverty
diversity and the need to balance work
and private life
ability to work effectively with others
desire to listen, learn and be creative
professionalism and knowledge

89. Cont…
DFID’s work forms part of a global promise to
 
halve the number of people living in extreme
poverty and hunger
ensure that all children receive primary education
promote sexual equality and give women a
stronger voice
reduce child death rates
improve the health of mothers
combat HIV & AIDS, malaria and other diseases
make sure the environment is protected
build a global partnership for those working in
development

90. Rockefeller Foundation
This philanthropic organization was established in
the USA by Dr. John Rockefeller in 1913
Salient features:
Established the first schools of public health.
Provided early support in the United States for
education "without distinction of race, sex or creed."
Developed the vaccine to prevent yellow fever.
Supported the establishment of international
cultural institutions, including Lincoln Center in New
York City and the Berkshire Music Festival at
Tanglewood in Western Massachusetts.
Funded the modernization of agriculture in the
developing world, known as the Green Revolution.

91. Cont…
Headquarters in New York City
(United States), regional offices in
Bangkok (Thailand), Nairobi (Kenya),
and San Francisco (United States),
and a conference and study center in
Bellagio (Italy).

92. CARE
CARE is Co operative for Assistance and
Relief Everywhere. It was founded in North
America in the wake of the Second World War
in 1945.
One of the world’s largest non – profit,
non – secretarial international relief and
development organization, it provides
long term development assistance.
CARE began work in India in 1950, after
an INDO-CARE agreement was signed
with the Government of India

93. CARE
Program Components
1. Foster Demand Generation for
Health Services
2. Improve Service Delivery
Availability and Quality
3. Address Underlying Causes of Poor
Health

94. Cont…
Reproductive and Child Health,
Nutrition and HIV/AIDS (RACHNA)
Strengthening Awareness knowledge
and Skills for HIV/AIDS
Management(SAKSHAM)
CARE’s SAKSHAM program,
supported by the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation

95. Cont…
By 2008, IAI (India AIDS Initiative, now
known as AVAHAN) partners and SACS
(State AIDS Control Society) will be
demonstrating increased leadership and
capacity for effective HIV/STI prevention
in six India AIDS Initiative states through
Sustained Nutrition, Education, Health and
Livelihood Project (SNEHAL)
A multi dimensional development project,
extended from CARE India’s earthquake
rehabilitation initiatives in Kutch, Gujarat

96. RED CROSS
The Red Cross is a non political, non official
international organization. It is a devoted to the
service of mankind in peace and war.
It was established by Henry Dunant, a Swiss
businessman
 The International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) came into being as an independent,
neutral institution.
In 1919, the League of the Red Cross Society
was created with Headquarters in Geneva to
coordinate the work of national societies.

97. Cont…
In 1920, the Red Cross Society of India
was established with the following
objectives:
Improvement of Health
Provision for disease control
Mitigation of suffering
Not only during times of war, it provides
amenities such as newspapers, musical
instruments, periodicals and other
comforts to the military hospitals in
peacetime

98. Cont…
The JUNIOR RED CROSS is now one of the
most active societies.
It provides an opportunity to many boys
and girls to be associated with activities
like village uplift, provision of first aid, anti
epidemic work and building of an
international fraternity of youth
Thus promoting international friendliness,
cooperation and understanding