international relations , economic relations

1.1 Meaning, scope, objective and principles of international relations
1.2 Economic Relations
1.3 Socio –Cultural Relations
1.4 Legal Relations
1.5 Political Relations

1. Overview OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CHAPTER 1

2. SYALLABUS 1.1 Meaning, scope, objective and principles of international relations 1.2 Economic Relations 1.3 Socio –Cultural Relations 1.4 Legal Relations 1.5 Political Relations

3. MEANING “The field of international relations concerns the relationships among the world’s government. But these relationships cannot be understood in isolation. They are closely connected with other actors (such as intergovernmental org., multinational corporations, and individuals) with other social structures (including economics, culture, and domestic politics); and with geographical and historical influences. These elements together power the central trends in IR today-globalization.”

4. OBJECTIVES To establish industrial peace. To safeguard the interests of both workers and management. To avoid industrial disputes. To raise the production capacity. To establish industrial democracy. To minimize the labor turnover rate and absenteeism. To safeguard the workers economic and social interests. To contribute to the economic development of the country through productivity. To establish a full employment situation. To minimize strikes, lockout, Heroes, etc., by providing good working conditions and fair wages to the workers.

5. IMPORTANCE Promotes Democracy High Morale Avoid Conflicts Between Management And Union Minimises Wastage Economic Growth And Development

6. PRINCIPLES Reciprocity Dominance Identity

7. ECONOMIC relations The International Economic Relations field focuses on the consequences of the economic interaction among countries. These interactions include trade in goods, services, assets, ideas, and macroeconomic spillover effects, as well as the effects of rules, regulations and policies like tariffs, trade quotas, controls on the international flow of capital and the exchange rate regime.  There are important consequences of these interactions including unemployment and inflation, the rise or fall of particular industries, and the outcomes for different categories of workers

8. ECONOMIC INDICATORS GDP Foreign Exchange Rate Rate of inflation Rate of minimum wage Fiscal policy Monetary policy BOP FDI

9. Economic institutions IMF World bank Asian Development Bank African Development Bank WTO

10. International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution H eadquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries . Founders:  John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White Founded:  July 1944, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States

11. World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution With 189  member  countries that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. Headquarters:  Washington, D.C., United States Founded:  July 1944, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States President:  Ajay Banga Parent organization:  World Bank Group Subsidiary:  Low-Income Countries Under Stress Founders:  John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White

12. World Bank Odisha Higher Education Program for Excellence and Equity. ... Innovation in Solar Power and Hybrid Technologies. ... Maharashtra Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture. ... AP Integrated Irrigation & Agriculture Transformation Project. ... Jharkhand Power System Improvement Project. ... India Energy Efficiency Scale-up Program.

13. Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong , Metro Manila, Philippines. The bank also maintains 31 field offices around the world to promote social and economic development in Asia.  Headquarters :  Mandaluyong , Philippines Founded:  19 December 1966 President:  Masatsugu Asakawa (from 17 January 2020 ) Main organ:   Board of Governors Membership:  68 countries

14. African Development Bank The African Development Bank Group or Banque Africaine de Development is a multilateral development finance institution headquartered in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, since September 2014. The AfDB is a financial provider to African governments and private companies investing in the regional member countries.  President :  Akinwumi Adesina Headquarters   Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, in West Africa Subsidiaries :  African Development Fund, Nigeria Trust Fund Founded:  10 September 1964 Member : 81 countries

15. WTO The World Trade Organization is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade.  Founded:  1 January 1995 Headquarters:  Geneva, Switzerland Member : 164 

16. Socio- cultural Sociocultural is a term related to social and cultural factors, which means common traditions, habits, patterns and beliefs present in a population group. Sociocultural theory emphasizes the social nature of learning and the cultural-historical contexts in which interactions take place. Thus, teacher-student interactions and the relations that are fostered through these contexts play an especially vital role in student achievement.

17. Issues of Socio- cultural relations Languages Material culture Aesthetics social organization Religious believe Attitude Values Space Time

18. legal relation I nternational law, also called public international law or law of nations, the body of legal rules, norms, and standards that apply between sovereign states and other entities that are legally recognized as international actors. Relationship among nation-state Individual – foreign nations Individual – individual

19. Area of international law Use of force Law of sea Human rights International humanitarian law International trade law

20. International legal bodies for human rights European court of human rights Human rights committee Inter-American court of human rights International criminal court United nation human rights council

21. Political relations Governments have several key policy areas in which they can create rules and regulations in order to control and manage trade, including tariffs, subsidies; import quotas and VER, currency controls, local content requirements, antidumping rules, export financing, free-trade zones, and administrative policies

22. Importance of political relations To avoid world war To understand defect of nationalism Nation sovereignty out of date Educative value Maintain world peace

23. India’s Foreign policy In recent decades, India has pursued a more expansive foreign policy that encompasses the neighborhood first policy embodied by SAARC as well as the Look East policy to forge more extensive economic and strategic relationships with other East Asian countries

24. Goals of India’s Foreign policy To protect India from threats To ensure India’s voice is heard on global forum To influence world opinion on crucial issue such as climate change, terrorism, reforms etc. To create an external environment that is conducive to inclusive development that reaches the poor within country

25. principles of Indian foreign policy Panchsheel agreement I ntegrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, M utual non-interference in each other's internal affairs, E quality and mutual benefit, P eaceful co-existing

26. Ministry of external affairs The  Ministry of External Affairs of  India  is the government agency responsible for implementing  Indian foreign policy . The Ministry of External Affairs is headed by the  Minister of External Affairs , a Cabinet Minister. The  Foreign Secretary , an  Indian Foreign Service  officer, is the most senior civil servant who is the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs.

27.  functions of Ministry of external affairs 1. Representing India in its Embassies, High Commissions, Consulates, and Permanent Missions to multilateral organisations like UN 2. Protecting India's national interests in the country of his/her posting; 3. Promoting friendly relations with the receiving state as also its people, including NRI / PIOs; 4. Reporting accurately on developments in the country of posting which are likely to influence the formulation of India 's policies; 5. Negotiating agreements on various issues with the authorities of the receiving state. 6. Extending consular facilities to foreigners and Indian nationals abroad.

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