Internet, Intranet and Extranet

Internet, Intranet and Extranet
The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

1. Internet, Intranet & Extranet 1

2. Basic Definitions of Internet

3. What Is the Internet? The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

4. 4 Use of the Internet

5. Web Technologies HTTP HTML and XML File transfer protocol (FTP) RSS Blogs Podcasting Instant messaging Cookies Proprietary technologies 6

6. HTTP &HTML Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol used to transfer and download Web information. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a literal address given to a Web server that corresponds to the IP address http://www.uhs.edu.pk/index.php Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the language for creating Web pages viewable with a Web browser. HTML determines the look and structure of Web pages. HTML <font size = “ 2 ” >Oz enterprises, Ltd.</font> <b>610-555-1234</b> 7

7. FTP, RSS, and Blogs FTP (file transfer protocol ) is a common way of transmitting files from one computer to another. You use this when you download files are attach files to an email. RSS (rich site summary) An RSS service is installed on a site to enable users to check updates to the site. Users can also instruct a Web site with RSS to automatically send new information (often used on news Websites). A blog (contraction of “Web log”) is a Web page that invites visitors to post opinions and images on a particular topic. Blogs usually have links to sites of interest. Advertising Market research Sample blog sites www.commonsenseblog.org www.diabetesblognetwork.com 8

8. Podcasting and Instant Messaging Podcasting is like blogging but enables users to post sound on a Web site so that people can download it. Users can subscribe to a podcast site that uses RSS and be notified of new audio files Files are usually in an MP3 format. Instant messaging (IM) is a service that offers users the ability to determine whether other persons using the service are online. Users can do this in groups (chat rooms) or with one person. Some applications permit video conferencing and FTP. AOL Instant Messenger, MSN Messenger Viber , WhatsApp , Skype, Facebook messenger, Yahoo Messenger 9

9. Cookies Cookies Small files a Web site places on a visitor's hard drive so the site can retrieve information later Cookie contains a unique identifier and data collected from prior visits Spyware includes cookies and other techniques that are installed on your computer unbeknownst to you that transmit information about you while you are online. 10

10. 11 The Intranets Intranet is corporate LAN and/or Wide Area Network (WAN) that is secured behind company’s firewalls and it uses Internet technologies. Although intranets are developed using the same TCP/IP protocol as the Internet, they operate as private networks with limited access. Only employees who are issued passwords and access codes are able to use them. So, intranets are limited to information pertinent to the company and contain exclusive and often proprietary and sensitive information. Firewalls protect intranets from unauthorized outside access.

11. Public/External Internet Users Intranet Clients Servers ERP Legacy systems E-mail servers Web servers Databases Firewalls 12 The Intranet (cont.)

12. Intranets An intranet is a computer network within an organization that uses Internet technologies for members of the organization only If a company has an existing network, than establishing an intranet is very inexpensive. All that is required is the server software and browsers for clients. Most of the technologies mentioned earlier are all available at no charge 13

13. Information Most Frequently Found in Corporate Intranets Customer databases Corporate policies and procedures Corporate phone directories Human resource forms Training programs Product catalogs and manuals Data warehouse and decision support access Internal purchase orders Travel reservations Knowledge management databases 14

14. Functional Applications of the Intranet Idea 15

15. Extranets An extranet is similar to an intranet but it enables the firm’s business partners (e.g., suppliers or customers) to access the firm’s intranet Once an organization links its network to the Internet theoretically anyone can access the firm’s network. With respect to an extranet, firms want to restrict access to business partners. A virtual private network provides the security mechanism for accomplishing this. A VPN uses a combination of public and private lines to build a secure extranet. The link between the firm’s network and the Internet is often called a “tunnel.” A VPN provides a secure tunnel. VPNs are also required for firms with extensive intranets (multi-site firms) 16

16. Extranet Applications Managing the supply chain Collaborating with other organizations in the development of new products/services Sharing product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers Sharing news and other information of shared interest exclusively with business partners (e.g., production schedules, forecasts) 17

17. Tunneling Internet Extranet Intranet Firewall Intranet Firewall 18 The Extranet (cont.) Suppliers VPN Distributors VPN Customers VPN

18. Enterprise Consumers Suppliers Clients Business Partners Distributors VPN Internet Intranet Extranet Intranet Intranet Intranet Intranet VPN VPN VPN VPN Remote Employees Basic Concept of Extranets

19. Elements of Extranets Components of Extranets Intranets Web sever Firewalls Internet Service Provider (ISP) Tunneling technology Interface software Business application Methods to configure Extranets They can be implemented using a direct leased line with full control over it, linking all intranets. A secure link can be created across the Internet, which can be used by the corporation as a virtually private network (VPN).

20. 21 Summary : Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Network Typical Type of Type Users Access Information Internet Any individual with dial-up access or LAN Unlimited Public; no Restrictions General, public and advertorial Intranet Authorized employees ONLY Private and Restricted Specific, Corporate and Proprietary Extranet Authorized groups from collaborating companies Private and Outside Authorized Partners Shared in Authorized Collaborating Group

21. Types of E-Commerce B2B (seller and buyer are business entities) B2C (seller is business; buyer is consumer) Other types C2C (seller and buyer are consumers; not covered in our outline; eBay) G2C, G2B, G2G 22

22. Main Ideas in B2B E-Commerce Buying and selling in B2B Auctions support dynamic pricing (bidding) Exchanges support dynamic and negotiated prices Supporting technologies for buying/selling VAN EDI and Web enabled EDI Electronic funds transfer Digital signature and digital certificates Activities other than buying and selling Alliances Sharing of supply chain information Sharing of product designs, logistics, forecasts 23

23. Size of the B2B Market By 2004 market may reach $10 trillion; much larger than B2C market In the US 40 percent of all B2B transactions are done on-line B2B commerce is about 10 times as great as B2C commerce 24

24. Classifying Auctions/Exchanges Overview Public or private Auctions tend to be public; exchanges tend to be private Number of participants Sell side one seller Buy side one buyer (GE or ChoiceBuy) Many sellers and many buyers (ChemConnect) Ownership Industry giant Neutral third party Consortium 25

25. Sell-Side with One Seller Sellers may be click-and-mortar manufacturer or intermediaries Use the Internet to sell through electronic catalogs Cisco, Dell, Staples Separate pages and catalogs for major buyers Boeing sponsors a website for which airlines can find maintenance and parts 26

26. Buy-Side with One Buyer This model arises from the procurement needs of firms where procurement involves the purchase of goods and services needed to accomplish the mission of the business In this model a buyer opens an electronic market on its own server and invites potential suppliers to bid on the items the buyer needs. The invitation is called a request for quote (RFQ). This process is called the reverse auction of bidding mode. GE was one of the first to do this Online directories exist for suppliers that list open RFQs 27

27. Exchanges with Many Buyers and Sellers In these exchanges buyers and sellers may be interested in both long term contracts or one-time transactions at prevailing prices. Examples ChemConnect Alibaba.com Converge.com (spot market for electric, networking and computer components) 28

28. Classifying Exchanges/Auctions (cont) Ownership of Exchanges Industry giant IBM established an exchange for selling patents (delphion.com) Neutral entrepreneur ChemConnect.com The consortia or co-op Covisint (automobile) Orbitz (airlines) 29

29. Services Provided by Intermediaries in an Auction/Exchange Services for buyers Automate buying, contract management, purchase orders, requisitions, business rules enforcement, and payment Services for sellers Catalog creation and content management, order management, invoicing, and settlement 30

30. Other B2B E-commerce Practices: Alliances and Sharing Information Alliances Online business alliances of airlines such as Orbitz ( www.orbitz.com ) and Star Alliance Covisint is an alliance of major automobile makers In real estate (MLS) Sharing of information (collaborative commerce) Extranet idea Sharing of supply chain information Joint design 31

31. Technologies that Support B2B VAN and Web-enabled EDI Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Digital signatures and certificates Ways to authenticate online messages similar to physical signatures on paper. 32

32. Major Benefits of B2B to Business Reduction of paper and administrative costs Reduces cycle time (time compression) Reduces search costs and time for buyers and sellers Reduces inventory levels and costs Reduction in errors and/or improved quality of service Enables JIT and production flexibility Expands the marketplace 33

33. An Overview of B2C E-commerce Practices Growth of B2C (see graph in textbook); over 50% of US is online E-tail revenues doubled from 2002 to 2005 Types of e-retailers (e-tailers) Pure-play versus bricks-and-mortar Clicks-and-bricks Catalogue retailers 34

34. E-tailing Fulfillment concept (picking, packing, and shipping Advantages to the seller Lower inventory by routing orders directly to manufacturer Lower labor costs (no registers) Lower building costs Advantages to the buyer Convenience and time savings Search mechanisms and comparison shopping Selection and product reviews 35

35. E-tailing Practices Consumer profiling and one-to-one marketing; both concepts relate to knowing the consumer better so that the business can serve consumers more effectively at lower cost to the business Cookies, clickstream tracking Buying and selling information from third parties Affiliate programs Location of the link versus target of link Compensation schemes Cooperation among competitors Amazon example Conversion rates Pure-play beats clicks and bricks companies Mass-customization Reverse auctions ( Priceline.com ) 36

36. Digital Products and Services Digital products include products like software, photographs, music, movies, or text that can be delivered over the Internet regards.com (greeting cards) and photodisc.com (photographs) Why are these products special? Digital services Application service providers (renting software) Renting storage space (rackspace.com) Online banking (direct.com) 37

37. Pure-play Business Models Virtual storefront: Sells goods or services online ( Amazon.com ) Information broker: Provides information on products or services ( Edmunds.com ) Transaction broker: Provides online transaction facility ( eTrade.com , Expedia.com ) Online marketplace: Provides a trading platform for individuals and firms ( eBay.com , alibaba.com ) 38

38. More Pure-play Business Models Content provider: Creates revenue by providing content ( WSJ.com , TheStreet.com , mp3.com ) Online service provider: Provides online services, including search service. ( Google.com , Xdrive.com ) Virtual community: Provides an online community to focused groups ( Friendster.com , iVillage.com ) Portal: Provides initial point of entry to Web, specialized content, services ( Yahoo.com , MSN.com ) 39

39. M-Commerce M-commerce concerns the ability of mobile devices to reach the Internet and the ability of merchants to locate a mobile device. Mobile devices must have GPS capability Competitive position of US relative to Japan/Korea Consumer services Information based services – instant messaging, email, search for information Transaction based services – purchase stocks, concert tickets, music, or search for price Location based services –anticipate what you want based on your location or data profile (beam coupons for nearby restaurants) Business services 40

40. Practices (rules) that Attract and Retain Customers (both B2B and B2C) Use of affiliate programs to target the right customer (links with related sites) Use cookies and CRM software to analyze customer behavior Use CRM software to develop customer profiles and personalize shopping Shorten the business cycle; fill orders quickly Empower customers to help themselves; see text for examples Be proactive; capture the customer’s email address and use it to bring the customer back; de-commoditize E-commerce is every commerce 41

41. Ethical and Societal Issues Online annoyances Spamming Advertisers viewpoint Consumers viewpoint Pop-up windows Adware and spyware Phishing 42