Internet of thing for smart grid applications (3).pptx

Internet of thing for smart grid applications

1. Internet of things for smart grid applications Presented by 2021 1

2. IOT Smart grid applications Introduction Electricity is considered to be the heart of modern social and economic development. Advances in technology tempted us to use electricity-driven elements in every aspect of our life from commercial to domestic sector for shaping our lives to be more comfortable. However new challenges have arisen where further investigation is necessary on how to manage the supply-demand balance of electricity more effectively, securely and reliably along with ensuring a coordinated multi-way communication for better monitoring and control of the network and user assets. Faster, fuel- effcient and eco-friendly electric transport and smart home setup have become more available and affordable. The Internet of Things ( IoT ) is a rapidly emerging field of technologies that delivers numerous cutting-edge solutions in various application domains, IoT can resolve those unavoidable challenges by transforming conventional energy grids into modernized Smart Energy Grid system, The IoT -enabled Smart Energy Grid system equipped with intelligent two-way data communication can significantly improve the operation and control of the traditional energy grid system. 2

3. The research in the IoT is in the beginning stages, and researchers provided different definitions for it. Thus, there isn’t only one definition for IoT . The IoT is composed of two words: “Internet” and “Thing.” The “Internet” can be defined as “The interconnection of computers in the world based on TCP/IP protocols” and the “Thing” is “an object that is not precisely identifiable” Thus, “Internet of Things” semantically means a worldwide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Thus, it is reasonable to define the IoT as “Things having identities and virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts”. Also, IoT can be defined as a connection of people and things at any time, in any place, with anything and anyone, using any path and any service Thus, IoT is a huge dynamic global network infrastructure of Internet-enabled entities with web services. One of the most important applications of IoT is the Smart Grid (SG). 3

4. SG is a data communications network which is integrated with the power grid to collect and analyze data that are acquired from transmission lines, distribution substations, and consumers. there is a seamless interconnection between people/humans and things and/or between things (see Figure 1). Thus, IoT is a huge dynamic global network infrastructure of Internet-enabled physical and virtual objects/entities with web services which contains embedded technologies and all types of information devices such as global positioning system (GPS), infrared devices, scanners, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags/devices, sensors, actuators, smartphones, and the Internet to sense, identify, locate, track, connect, monitor, manage, communicate/interact, cooperate, and control of objects/things in physical, digital, and virtual world. It uses computing and self-configuring capabilities (based on interoperable communication protocols) and software tools to process information, achieve data mining, and extract knowledge. 4

5. Figure 1 . Internet of Things ( IoT ) with its connections and related entities One of the most important applications of IoT is the Smart Grid (SG). 5

6. APPLICATION OF IoT FOR SMART ENERGY SYSTEM IoT has potential applications in various areas of Smart Energy System, including power generation infrastructure management, SCADA connected transmission system, advanced metering infrastructure in the distribution system, pollution and environmental monitoring, smart home and smart building system, etc. Advanced cutting-edge technology of IoT such as fog computing provides huge possibilities for optimizing and managing the SCADA energy transmission system. In recent years, smart home appliances are automated entirely based on Internet of Things ( IoT ) technology. 6

7. FOG OR EDGE NODE-BASED SCADA SYSTEM The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are vital for controlling and supervising the electrical energy generation, transmission and distribution systems. The SCADA system collects data and information from the energy grid system and supervising automation procedure to control and regulate different system parameters to run the operation effciently . The SCADA system has become more effcient with the incorporation of IoT technology such as Fog Computing. The fog-based smart energy grid SCADA system comprises of four major part, End or terminal devices Fog computing devices Cloud SCADA system 7

8. End or terminal devices includes different types of IoT enabled sensors, actuators, appliances which use Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology to interconnect with each other for effcient communication. For effective communication among the fog network devices, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee technologies are used. In the IoT -enabled SCADA system, fog or edge computing devices are comprised of various network devices such as access point, switches, routers to analyze and process a huge amount of data generated from the end or terminal devices . Cloud part is comprised of a cloud data centers, cloud storage and gateway devices located in different geographical locations. These cloud data centres are responsible for aggregating and processing all statistics and information acquired from the field sensors of the SCADA system. SCADA Server. This part is responsible for gathering and analyzing the outcome from cloud analysis. Based on those results, an automated process or system operator takes control decision and regulate different parameters of the energy grid. 8

9. FIGURE 2. This figure exhibits the overall architecture of Fog-based smart energy grid SCADA system. The figure is comprised with four parts of the architecture (from up to down) SCADA system, Cloud, Fog and End or terminal devices with the energy grid.   9

10. 2 . IoT FOR AMI CONNECTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM The advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is an architecture for programmed, bi-directional communication between the consumer smart meter (having an IP address for communication), and service provider. The objective of an AMI is to deliver real-time statistics regarding power consumption to the utility service providers. It is expected that in near future AMI will let the consumers make up-to-date selections about energy usages based on the real-time tariff. Figure 3 exhibits the schematic representation of AMI. IoT based AMI offers boundless prospective for optimizing and managing of energy consumption via effcient smart meter communication. AMI includes various types of appliances (lights, fans, switches, power outlets, etc.) connected with the smart meter, collect and communicate those in real-time to the utility providers for effective energy management. 10

11. Moreover, with the help of the smart meter in this infrastructure, the consumer can control their devices remotely thus control their energy utilization effectively. IoT based AMI has a massive prospect for power grid management. The systems become capable of gathering and acting on live statistics of consumer-side small-scale power generation, and utilization from consumers connections (data on service provider's and end user's behavior), and supervising distribution mechanism with the objective to improve the consistency, sustainability and effciency of energy production and distribution. 11

12. FIGURE 3. This figure exhibits the schematic representation of AMI which includes End-user Devices (Smart Meters), Communication Networks and Data analysis, storage and management system. 12

13. 3 . IoT FOR SMART METER , SMART HOME AND BUILDINGS Smart Metering system is not only a system that collects consumers' energy consumption statistics periodically but also an integrated system combined with hardware, software and communication mechanism that creates a two-way communication between energy devices and users and enable users to observe live data on energy consumption patterns. Ideally, it can be used for monitoring the status of various parameters such as voltage reading, current reading, temperature, moisture status etc. and has the ability to adjust those parameters, energy consumption remotely as per their requirements. Table 1 exhibits the advantages of using Smart Meters in different sector of the energy grid. The term Smart home refers to as the modern homes that have devices and appliances which can be managed remotely by the owner. As an essential element of the IoT , smart homes assist consumers effciently by interconnecting with numerous advanced devices based on IoT . Smart home technology based on IoT has improved the quality of social life by facilitating connectivity to every person regardless of place and time . Smart web or mobile applications can be used to control the devices within an IoT -connected smart home. 13

14. Similar to smart home, the Smart building can be referred as the building in which IoT enabled integration of sensory devices and actuators are applied to observe and regulate the various parameters of electrical, mechanical, environmental and security system applied in those industrial, commercial, public and residential buildings. In a smart Building Management System (BMS), a computer-oriented mechanism used to automatically monitor, control and regulate the electrical and mechanical apparatuses and elements of power systems, lighting systems, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, home security systems and so on. Its principal objective is the management of the surroundings within the building, oversee system parameters, manage and control those different parameters, and to reduce carbon emissions. IoT oriented elements in smart homes and buildings are utilized to deliver technology to control and regulate smart systems and lessen energy waste. These elements increase productivity and improves power factor whereas preserving energy effciency , for example, smart home and buildings lighting system offers programmed lighting regulation through LED lights. 14

15. These automated structures operate the actions of the lights (e.g., on and off) to manage energy effciently . Lights of IoT elements spontaneously turn off when occupants left the rooms or leave their homes to curtail the energy ingesting. Preserving energy in smart homes while enlightening the lifestyle of inhabitants is a vital matter. Inhabitants in smart homes use mobile applications to manage consumer energy consumption for financial savings and reduction of expenses. As the temperatures of surrounding of a buildings are continually varying, and the quantity of energy consumed can rise at specifc times. For instance, air conditioning systems can adjust the indoor temperature and provide a comfortable atmosphere with the lowest energy ingesting according to the events inside using energy control based on IoT technology . 15

16. TABLE 1. Advantages of using smart meters in different sectors of energy grid . 16

17. TABLE 2. Benefits of the smart energy grid over traditional energy grid 17

18. 18 REFERENCES [1] Al. Ghasempour , ’’ Internet of Things in Smart Grid:Architecture,Applications , Services, Key Technologies, and Challenges’’ , Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Applied Science and Technology, Published: 26 March 2019. [2] B. N. Alhasnawi , B. H. Jasim , ”Internet of Things ( IoT ) for Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Review”, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah , Basrah , Iraq, ISSN No : 1006-7930 Page No: 389,Vol. XII, Issue V, 2020. [2] S. M. A.A. ABIR, A. ANWAR , J. CHOI, AND A. S. M. KAYES, ’’ IoT -Enabled Smart Energy Grid: Applications and Challenges” , 1IGW Operators Forum, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh,2Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation (CSRI), School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia, 3School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia, 4Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia publication March 19, 2021, date of current version April 8, 2021.

19. The Functionalities To Deploy The Smart Grid Some of the required functionalities to deploy the smart grid are as follows: 1. Communication networks: Public, private, wired, and wireless communication networks that can be used as the communication infrastructure for smart grid . 2. Cybersecurity: Determining measures to guarantee availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the communication and control systems which are required to manage, operate, and protect smart grid infrastructures . 3. Distributed energy resources: Using different kinds of generation (e.g., renewable energies) and/or storage systems (batteries, plug-in electric cars with bi-directional chargers) that are connected to distributed systems . 4. Distribution grid management: Trying to maximize the performance of components in distribution systems such as feeders and transformers and integrate them with transmission systems, increase reliability, increase the distribution system efficiency, and improve management of distributed renewable energy sources . 5. Electric transportation: Integrating plug-in electric vehicles in a large-scale . 6. Energy efficiency: Providing mechanisms for different kinds of customers to modify their energy usage during peak hours and optimizing the balance between power supply and demand . 7. Energy storage: Using direct or indirect energy storage technologies such as pumped hydroelectric storage technology . 8. Wide-area monitoring: Monitoring of power system components over a large geographic area to optimize their performance and preventing problems before they happen . 9. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI): AMI as one of the key components of SG creates a bidirectional communication network between smart meters (SMs) and utility system to collect, send, and analyze consumer energy consumption data. 19

20. IoT Applications and Services in smart grid IoT can support technologies in SG. Comprehensive sensing and processing abilities of IoT can improve SG abilities such as processing, warning, self-healing, disaster recovery, and reliability. Combining IoT and SG can greatly promote the development of smart terminals, meters and sensors, information equipment, and communication devices. IoT can be used to accomplish reliable data transmission in wire and wireless communication infrastructures in different parts of SG (electricity generation, transmission lines, distribution, and consumption/utilization) as follows: 1. In electricity generation, IoT can be used to monitor electricity generation of different kinds of power plants (such as coal, wind, solar, biomass), gas emissions, energy storage, energy consumption, and predict necessary power to supply consumers. 2.  IoT can be used to acquire electricity consumption, dispatch, monitor and protect transmission lines, substations, and towers, manage and control equipment. 3.  IoT can be used in customer side in smart meters to measure different types of parameters, intelligent power consumption, interoperability between different networks, charging and discharging of electric vehicles, manage energy efficiency and power demand . 20

21. The main IoT application scenarios are as follows : 1 . AMI with high reliability: AMI is a key component in SG. IoT can be used in AMI to collect data, measure abnormality in SG, exchange information between smart meters, monitor electricity quality and distributed energy, analyze user consumption pattern. 2. Smart home: A smart home can be used to interact with users and SG, enhance SG services, meet marketing demand, improve QoS , control smart appliances, read power consumption information which is gathered by smart meters, and monitor renewable energy. 3. Transmission line monitoring: By using wireless broadband communication technologies, the transmission lines can be monitored to discover fault issues and eliminate them. 4. Electric Vehicle (EV) assistant management system: EV assistant management systems comprise of charging station, EV, and monitoring center. With GPS, users can inspect nearby charging stations and their parking information. The GPS will automatically guide drivers to the most suitable charging station. The monitoring center manages car batteries, charging equipment, charging stations and optimize resources . 21

22. Integrated IoT Architectures in Smart Grid Several IoT architectures have been proposed to be integrated into SG. They can be categorized to architectures with three layers . A three-layer structure is presented that contains perception layer, network layer, and application layer. Layer 1 Perception layer (or device layer) uses different kinds of sensors (e.g., power sensor), smart meters, tags and readers , or sensor equipment (such as GPS devices or cameras) to collect information. Layer 2 The network layer contains different kinds of wired and wireless industry-specific or public communication networks (such as 2G, 3G, 4G, cable broadband, public switched telephone networks, private networks, Wi-Fi, ZigBee) and the Internet to map the information gathered by sensors in the perception layer to communication protocols . Layer 3 The application layer processes the information received from the network layer to monitor IoT devices in real time. It uses a variety of IoT technologies to realize an extensive set of IoT applications and contains application structure like artificial intelligent systems to provide information to decision and billing systems. 22

23. Full View of The Application Scenarios of IoT 23

24. Application of Internet of Things in Smart Grid Power Transmission Utilizing Internet of Things ( IoT ) technology in smart grid is an important approach to speed up the informatization of power grid system, and it is beneficial for effective management of the power grid infrastructure. Disaster prevention and reduction of power transmission line is one of the most important application fields of IoT . Advanced sensing and communication technologies of IoT can effectively avoid or reduce the damage of natural disasters to the transmission lines, improve the reliability of power transmission and reduce economic loss. Focused on the characteristic of the construction and development of smart grid, this paper introduced the application of IoT in online monitoring system of power transmission line. 24

25. Figure 5. High-level application view of IoT 25

26. Internet of Things and Smart Grid for the Development of a Smart City A city usually consists of a very complex system of different types of infrastructure like ICT infrastructure, civil engineering infrastructure, social networks, financial network, etc. All of these systems require management effort like monitoring, reporting, and interaction to ensure efficient performance of all activities. The example of such system is water distribution system, gas distribution system, electricity supply system, public transport system, maintenance of city infrastructure (parks and roads), and waste management. The aim of an SC is to provide long-term solution to the city transportation system, public administration, health, and public utility. The smart city is one of the applications of IoT . Smart city encompasses improved infrastructure for better economic growth and quality life style. Recent technological trends have led to the rise in demand for efficient communication between devices without any human intervention, thus creating a huge market for IoT . With the abundance of opportunities for growth, every developed country, even some of the developing countries, are now come up with their own fully funded IoT projects. 26

27. REFERENCES Internet of Things in Smart Grid: Architecture, Applications, Services, Key Technologies, and Challenges , Alireza Ghasempour , Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran 1391637111, Iran, Inventions   2019 ,  4 (1), 22, 26 March 2019 Research on the Architecture and Key Technology of Internet of Things ( loT ) Applied on Smart Grid Miao Yun, Bu Yuxin Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China [email protected] , 20 I 0 International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering Internet of Things for Demand Side Management Giampaolo Fiorentino and Antonello Corsi IoT (Internet of Things) R & D (Research and Development) Lab, Engineering Ingegneria Informatica S.p.A, Rome 00185, Italy Received: November 24, 2014 / Accepted: January 21, 2015 / Published: May 31, 2015. Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 9 (2015) 500-503 doi : 10.17265/1934-8975/2015.05.010 Application of Internet of Things in Smart Grid Power Transmission , 2012 Third FTRA International Conference on Mobile, Ubiquitous, and Intelligent Computing 20 September 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada The Role of Internet of Things and Smart Grid for the Development of a Smart City Sudeep Tanwar , Sudhanshu Tyagi and Sachin Kumar, Intelligent Communication and Computational Technologies  pp 23-33,   24 October 2017. 27