Internet of thing (IOT) AICT (Lec#10).pptx

Its internet of thing about ppt file

1. Internet of Things(IoT) Lecture# 10 Course Instructor: Hina Sattar

2. Introduction Internet of Things( IoT) refers to a system of interrelated, internet connected objects that can collect and transfer data over a wireless channels without human intervention. IoT describes the network of physical objects" things" that are imbedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and Systems over the internet. IoT enables to analyze and act on data, facilitating the decision-making process with aid of insights obtained.

3. Main Components Used in IoT Low-power embedded systems: Less battery consumption, high performance are the inverse factors that play a significant role during the design of electronic systems. Sensors: Sensors are the major part of any IoT application. It is a physical device that measures and detects certain physical quantities and converts it into signal which can be provided as an input to processing or control unit for analysis purpose.

4. 1.Sensors/Devices Role: Sensors or devices collect data from their environment. These devices can measure various parameters like temperature, motion, light, pressure, or even complex data like images and videos. How it works: Sensors detect changes or gather specific data. Devices with actuators can perform actions based on inputs (e.g., opening a valve or turning on a light). Example: A smart thermostat collects room temperature data and adjusts heating or cooling accordingly.

5. 2.Connectivity Role: Connectivity ensures that the collected data from sensors/devices is transmitted to a central location or system for processing. How it works: Data is sent through networks like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, cellular (4G/5G), or Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN).The choice of network depends on factors like range, power consumption, and bandwidth needs. Example: A smartwatch sends heart rate data to a cloud server via Bluetooth and a connected smartphone

6. 3. Data Processing Role: This step involves analyzing the collected data to extract meaningful insights or trigger actions How it works: Data can be processed locally on the device (edge computing) or sent to a central server/cloud for deeper analysis. Algorithms, including artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML), can identify patterns or anomalies in the data. Example: A security camera uses AI to process video footage locally and sends alerts only when it detects motion.

7. 4. User Interface (UI) Role: The UI allows users to interact with the IoT system, monitor data, and control devices. How it works: Interfaces can include mobile apps, web dashboards, or even voice commands via smart assistants like Alexa or Google Assistant. Users can view processed data, receive notifications, and send commands back to the IoT devices. Example: A smartphone app lets you view your home’s energy usage and remotely turn off lights or appliances.

8. IoT Architecture

9. IoT Architecture Devices: This stage is about the devices in IoT solutions, including the sensors or actuators in the perception layer. The data produced by these IoT system devices is then transmitted to the internet gateway stage. Internet gateways: The internet gateway stage receives the raw data from the IoT devices and pre-processes it before sending it to the cloud. The internet gateway receiving the data may be physically attached to the IoT device or a stand-alone device that can communicate with sensors over low power networks and relay the data to the internet. This is where the transport layer of IoT architecture resides.

10. IoT Architecture Edge computing: Once the pre-processed data from the internet gateway is received, the object is to fully process data as quickly as possible. To do this effectively, an IoT system will often employ a process called edge computing. Edge computing involves processing data closer to the source of its generation (e.g., edge of a network vs centralized cloud servers). Cloud or data centers: In this final stage, the data is stored for later processing. The application layer and business layers reside in this stage, where dashboards and management software can be fed through the data stored in the cloud. Deep analysis and resource-intensive operations such as the creation of machine learning algorithms happen at this stage.

11. Advantages of IoT It can assist in the smarter control of homes and cities via cell phones. It enhances security and offers personal protection. By automating activities, it saves us a lot of time. Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location, and it is updated frequently in real time. Electric Devices are directly connected and communicate with a controller computer, such as a cell phone, resulting in efficient electricity use. As a result, there will be no unnecessary use of electricity equipment. Personal assistance can be provided by IoT apps, which can alert you to your regular plans. It is useful for safety because it senses any potential danger and warns users. It minimizes human effort because IoT devices connect and communicate with one another and perform a variety of tasks without the need for human intervention.

12. Disadvantages Privacy issues related to the collection and use of personal data. Dependence on technology and potential for system failures. Limited standardization and interoperability among devices. Complexity and increased maintenance requirements. High initial investment costs. Limited battery life on some devices. Concerns about job displacement due to automation. Limited regulation and legal framework for IoT, which can lead to confusion and uncertainty.

13. Applications of IoT

14. Wearables 1. Wearable technology is the hallmark of IoT applications and one of the earliest industries to deploy IoT. We have fit bits, heart rate monitors and smartwatches these days. Guardian glucose monitoring device has been developed to help people with diabetes. It detects glucose levels in our body, uses a small electrode called the glucose sensor under the skin, and relates it to a radiofrequency monitoring device.

15. Health care IoT applications can transform reactive medical-based systems into active wellness-based systems. Resources that are used in current medical research lack important real-world information. It uses controlled environments, leftover data, and volunteers for clinical trials. The Internet of Things improves the device's power, precision and availability. IoT focuses on building systems rather than just tools. Here's how the IoT-enabled care device works.

16. Smart Cities Smart city uses technology to provide services. The smart city includes improving transportation and social services, promoting stability and giving voice to their citizens. The problems faced by Mumbai are very different from Delhi. Even global issues, such as clean drinking water, declining air quality, and increasing urban density, occur in varying intensity cities. Therefore, they affect every city. Governments and engineers use the Internet of Things to analyze the complex factors of town and each city. IoT applications help in the area of water management, waste control and emergencies.

17. Agriculture By the year 2050, the world's growing population is estimated to have reached about 10 billion. To feed such a large population, agriculture needs to marry technology and get the best results. There are many possibilities in this area. One of them is Smart Greenhouse. Farming techniques grow crops by environmental parameters. However, manual handling results in production losses, energy losses and labor costs, making it less effective. The greenhouse makes it easy to monitor and enables to control the climate inside it.

18. Smart Home A smart home refers to a convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be controlled automatically or remotely with an internet connection and using a mobile or other networked device. Devices in a smart home are interconnected through the internet, allowing the user to control functions such as security, access to the home, temperature, lighting, and a home theater.

19. Tool & Techniques Arduino Flutter Raspberry Pi OS (ex. Raspbian) Node-RED SiteWhere DeviceHive Home Assistant OpenRemote

20. Arduino? Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board designed for building interactive electronic projects. Think of it as the ‘muscle’ of your project — controlling sensors, lights, motors, and other components based on the code you write. It’s a popular choice for beginners due to its simplicity, affordability, and large online community. Best for: Prototyping small-scale IoT projects, controlling peripherals, and building standalone solutions.

21. Raspberry Pi? Raspberry Pi (RPI) is a credit card-sized single-board computer with a full-fledged processor, memory, and multiple input/output ports. It’s essentially a mini-computer capable of running its own operating system (like Linux). Offers greater versatility, flexibility, and power compared to an Arduino. Best for: More complex IoT projects requiring advanced computing, internet connectivity, video processing, or running full-fledged software.