internet of things and applications.pptx

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1. Designing of smart street lights in a smart city. Presented by:- Manmeet kaur jasleen kaur nancy sharma manav chauhan

2. What are street lights? A source of light that is mounted on a lamp column or pole either on the side of the road or within the median to provide illumination is known as  street lighting . Street lighting is required along the road to have safer, comfortable, convenient and efficient movement of vehicles at night.

3. What is a smart city ? "If the past cities were shaped by people, the future cities are likely to be shaped by ideas, and there are many competing ones”.  Advanced and developed in terms of infrastructure Components: Sustainable real estate, communications, and ease of making markets accessible and effective A 'smart city' will promote a healthy and decent quality of life for its citizens while it promotes core infrastructure and, clean and sustainable environment using 'smart solutions' which include E-governance and Citizen Services, Energy Management, Waste Management, Urban Mobility, Water Management and other miscellaneous solution

4. Let’s talk about what are smart street lights A smart streetlight is a public lighting fixture that incorporates technology, such as cameras, light-sensing photocells and other sensors, to introduce real-time monitoring functionalities. Also referred to as  adaptive lighting  or  intelligent street lighting , this type of lighting system is recognized as a significant step in the development of smart cities. In addition to enabling cities to provide the proper amount of street light for local conditions, installing intelligent lighting will help improve citizen satisfaction regarding security and safety, while bringing municipalities significant savings in power consumption and lighting system maintenance. Plus, outdoor lighting infrastructure will serve as a backbone for several Internet of Everything (IoE) applications, such as monitoring weather, pollution and traffic.

5. Features of smart street lights While the features of smart streetlights depend on the specific technology used by city planners, examples of common functionality include the following: dynamic lighting controls based on movement detection; environmental and weather monitoring; digital signage that can be updated as needed, such as parking regulations or accident alerts; parking management, such as alerting officials of illegally parked vehicles or drivers of open spaces; extended cellular and wireless communications; traffic management through real-time data feeds that track congestion and speed; and automatic emergency response in the event of a car crash or crime.

6. Benefits of smart street lights Implementing smart streetlight systems offers the following advantages: reduced energy cost and usage with flexible dimming controls; increased pedestrian satisfaction through improved safety measures; lowered repair and maintenance costs with the monitoring software; reduced carbon emissions and light pollution; increased lamp life and shorter response times to outages; improved architectural planning based on real traffic patterns and insights; and increased revenue opportunities, such as leasing poles for digital signage or other services.

7. Challenges of smart streets Implementing smart street lights in IoT comes with its own set of challenges, including: 1. Reliability and Connectivity: Ensuring a stable and reliable connection between each street light and the central management system can be challenging, especially in areas with poor network coverage or interference. 2. Power Management: Street lights typically run on electricity, so integrating IoT capabilities without significantly increasing power consumption or requiring frequent recharging is crucial. 3. Security Concerns: With interconnected devices, there's an increased risk of cyber threats. Ensuring robust security measures to protect data and prevent unauthorized access or tampering is essential. 4. Scalability: Managing a large number of street lights in a scalable manner can be complex. The system must be capable of handling thousands or even millions of devices efficiently. 5. Interoperability: Street lights may come from different manufacturers and use different communication protocols. Ensuring interoperability and seamless integration between various devices and systems can be challenging.

8. 6. Data Management and Analytics: Collecting, storing, and analyzing data from smart street lights can be overwhelming. Developing effective data management and analytics strategies to derive meaningful insights and optimize operations is essential. 7. Environmental Factors: Outdoor environments can be harsh, with exposure to extreme temperatures, moisture, and physical damage. Designing street lights that can withstand such conditions without compromising functionality is vital. 8. Regulatory Compliance: Compliance with regulations and standards related to privacy, data protection, energy efficiency, and environmental impact is essential. Ensuring that smart street light systems adhere to these requirements adds complexity to their development and deployment. 9. Cost Considerations: While smart street lights offer long-term benefits such as energy savings and improved maintenance efficiency, the initial investment can be significant. Balancing the upfront costs with the expected returns over time is crucial for successful implementation. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among stakeholders, including technology providers, city planners, regulatory bodies, and communities, to develop robust and sustainable smart street light solutions.

9. Case study Cities investing in smart streetlights are chalking up gains. While Los Angeles received a revenue boost from SmartPoles, which offer Long-Term Evolution (LTE) reception and save energy, Chicago could save $10 million a year in energy costs, thanks to a four-year initiative to replace 270,000 city lights with LEDs and intelligent controls. Additionally, cities in Spain have invested in green street lighting with the development of the wind-powered Eolgreen turbine lamppost. In San Diego, sensor-laden smart streetlights have been installed to help direct drivers to vacant parking spaces and alert traffic enforcement officers to illegally parked cars. These intelligent fixtures can connect to systems to help determine which intersections are the most dangerous and need to be redesigned. Systems such as these could help municipalities adjust traffic signals by monitoring intersections and noting when traffic backs up, and sensors connected to the streetlights could also detect sounds such as gunfire, broken glass or a car crash. Software developers are creating apps using the data gathered by the streetlight Internet of things (IoT) network. Emerging apps include one that identifies the quietest walking route; a "digital cane" for using traffic and location data to help visually impaired people cross the street; an app that enables food truck drivers to find locations with available parking spaces and high pedestrian traffic; and an app for identifying interesting events in real-time.

10. How smart streetlights work The technology behind smart streetlights can vary depending on its features and requirements, but typically, it involves a combination of cameras and sensors. When implemented on standard streetlights, these devices can detect movement that enables dynamic lighting and dimming. It also allows neighboring fixtures to communicate with each other. If a pedestrian or car is detected, all surrounding lights will brighten until movement is no longer captured. Additional capabilities of smart streetlights may require more technology, such as image sensors, seismic sensors, sound sensors, speakers, weather and water detection sensors, and wireless transmitters. After smart streetlights are installed, most vendors offer software that can help cities monitor and manage the technology. This software can also be used to gather any data collected by the streetlights and adjust its features, such as dimming time.

11. Block diagram

12. Description of power supply The circuit uses a standard power supply comprising of a step-down transformer from 230v to 12v and 4 diodes forming a Bridge Rectifier that delivers pulsating dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor of about 470microf to 100microF. The filtered dc being unregulated IC LM7805 is used to get 5v constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input dc varying from 9v to 14v. The regulated 5volts dc is further filtered by a small electrolytic capacitor of 10 micro f for any noise so generated by the circuit. One LED is connected of this 5v point in series with a resistor of 330ohms to the ground i.e. negative voltage to indicate 5v power supply availability

13. previous technology  High-intensity discharge lamps (HID) presently used for urban street lights are based on the principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not controllable by any voltage reduction method as the discharge path is broken. More costly Less durability Not very effective during night and fog. Consumes more power

14. Present day technology White Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps are soon replacing the HID lamps in street light. As these LEDs can switch faster than HID lamps we can apply PWM concept to these LEDs. LEDs consume less power compared to HID lamps. Life time of LEDs is also more

15. WORKING PRINCIPLE  This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving. This is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle and then switching ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. However, there is another mode of operation where instead of switching OFF the lights completely, they remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity

16. Hardware requirements RECTIFIER FILTER MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51) LEDS PHOTODIODES POTENTIAL DIVIDER BC547 1N4007 RESISTORS CAPACITORS

17. Ir sensor  An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument. It is used to sense certain characteristics in its surroundings by emitting infrared radiations. It is capable of measuring heat and detecting moving objects. SPECIFICATIONS: Size: [Refer to the image beside] TX: Transmitter RX: Receive

18. APPLICATIONS Safe road lighting for smooth vehicular movement. This idea can be implemented on both small roads and busy highways. Can be implemented in the parking area. Implementable in museums, auditoriums

19. Thank you!!!