Internet of things notes IPv4 VS IPv6.pdf

Internet of things notes

1. IPv4 vs. IPv6

2. Presentation Plan

Introduction

Major Advantages to IPv6

Addresses

Packet Headers

Autoconfiguration

Neighbor Discovery

Security

Difficult transition

3. Introduction

What is IP?

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocolby
whichdatais sent from one computer to another on
the Internet.

History

In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)
mandated the use of IPv4 for all “host-to-host” data
exchange enabling IPv4 to become the mechanism for
the military to create integrated versus stovepiped
communications.

4. IP Address Shortage

Proliferation of Internet devices:

405M mobile phones sold in 2000

1B+ by 2005

New emerging populations:

China, Korea, Japan, India, Russia

Solution = IPv6

5. Advantages to IPv6

Larger address space

Reduce end-to-end delay

Higher level of security

Mobility

No fragmentation

Network autoconfiguration

6. Address Formats

IPv4

32-bit
Ex: 192.156.136.22

IPv6

128 bits
Ex:
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
Or in compressed format:
1080::8:800:200C:417A

7. IPv4 Classes
0 1 8 16 24 31
A


B


C


0
netid hostid
10
netid hostid
110
netid hostid

8. IPv6 Address Types

Unicast

Global aggregatable

Site local

Link local

IPv4 compatible

Anycast

Multicast

No more broadcast!
Link-local
Site-localGlobal

9. Unicast Addresses

An address for a single interface

Global:
3 13 32 16 64

001 TLA ID NLA ID SLA ID Interface ID

TLA : Top-level aggregation
NLA : Next-level aggregation
SLA : Site-level aggregation

The interface ID is based on the MAC address.

10. Anycast

An address for a set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes.

96 bits 32 bits


0.0.0.0.0.0.192.168.30.1
= ::192.168.30.1
= ::C0AB:1E01 ---???
0 Ipv4 address

11. Multicast

An address for a set of interfaces (in a given scope) that typically belong to
different nodes.

12. IPv4 Packet Header

The basic IPv4 packet header has 12 fields with a total size of 20 octets (160
bits).

13. IPv6 Packet Header

The basic IPv6 packet header has 8fields with a total size of 40 octets (320
bits).

14. Neighbor Discovery

Replaces ARP, ICMP, etc.

Used for

Router discovery

Parameter/Prefix discovery

Address resolution

Address auto-configuration

Can provide the means to renumber home subnets
by forwarding solicitations to other subnets.

15. Autoconfiguration

Used by Neighbour Discovery

IPv6 no longer needs:

ARP

RARP

DHCP

BOOTP

Stateless vs. Stateful

16. Security

Authentication Header (AH)

IPv6 datagrams not encrypted

Keyed MD5 hashing algorithm proposed for standard authentication
algorithm

Eliminates IP spoofing

Eliminates Host Masquarading
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP)

Provides data integrity and confidentiality

DES CBC encryption algorithm as standard (2 Modes)

Tunnel Mode: Whole IP packet encrypted (including header)

Transport Mode: Only payload encrypted

17. Difficult Transition

Some have already begun experimenting with IPv6 on the internet

Dual IP layer

IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling

For timeline information of the transition efforts, browse
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html

18. Questions

Q1-What is the main reason for the switch from IPv4 to IPv6?
A1-IP address shortage

Q2 -Name 2 IPv6 address types and describe the reasons why
they are used.
A2 –Unicast: An address for a single interface.
Anycast: An address for a set of interfaces that typically
belong to different nodes. Assigning a unicast address to more
than one interface makes a unicast address an anycast address
Multicast: An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a set
of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. A packet
sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces
identified by the multicast address.

19. Questions(next)

Q3 -Identify 2 differences between the IPv4 and IPv6
packet headers.
A3 –IPv6IPv4
-320 bits-160 bits
-8 fields-12 fields
-Flow Label-Checksum
Q4 -Explain the concept of "tunneling”
A4
-
IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnelingoffers the possibility to
encapsulateIPv6 packets within IPv4 headers in order to
carry them over IPv4 routing infrastructures.

20. Questions(next)

Q5 -Name the two main aspects in Internet security and
explain how their uses in IPv6.
A5 -Authentication Header (AH): only provides
authentication of the data packet and not encryption.
This is useful as a standalone when confidentiality is not
essential and only authentication is important.
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP):provides
data encryption.