Internship Report Semester 2 Civil Engineering.

Internship Report on PWD Site Visit, Kundara, Kollam.
Diploma in Civil Engineering Semester 2. Specifies the visit, features, peculiarities and swot analysis of the organisation.

1. INDUSTRIALTRAININGREPORT
Submittedby:
SIANAANNSEBASTIAN
To
STATEBOARDOFTECHNICALEDUCATION,KERALA
InpartialfulfilmentoftherequirementfortheawardofDiplomainCivil
Engineering
DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING
RAJADHANIPOLYTECHNICCOLLEGE
Undertheflagshipof
RAJADHANIINSTITUTEOFENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY
NAGAROOR,ATTINGAL,TRIVANDRUM
MAY2022

2. DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING
RAJADHANIPOLYTECHNICCOLLEGE
Undertheflagshipof
RAJADHANIINSTITUTEOFENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY
NAGAROOR,ATTINGAL,TRIVANDRUM
CERTIFICATE
ThisistocertifythatthisIndustrialTrainingReportisabonafiderecordofthe
workcarriedoutbySIANAANNSEBASTIANatRajadhaniPolytechnic
CollegeforthepartialfulfilmentoftherequirementsfortheawardofDiploma
inCivilEngineeringbytheStateBoardofTechnicalandEducationduringthe
yearMay2022.
Guidedby: ProjectCoordinator:
Miss.SWATHIM.S Mr.AKHILK.P.
LECTURER HEADOFTHEDEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENTOFCIVIL DEPARTMENTOFCIVIL
RAJADHANIPOLYTECHNICCOLLEGERAJADHANIPOLYTECHNIC
COLLEGE
ATTINGAL,TRIVANDRUM ATTINGAL,TRIVANDRUM

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
WepraisetheAlmightyforthestrengthandhisblessingsincompletingthiswork.
Thesuccessofthisprojectrequiredalotofguidanceandassistancefrommanypeopleand
weareextremelyfortunatetohavegotthisallalongthecompletionofourprojectwork.
Whateverwehaddoneisonlyduetosuchguidanceandassistanceandwewouldnotforget
tothankthem.
WerespectandthankourbelovedChairmanDr.BijuRameshandDr.SureshBabu,
Principalofthecollegeforprovidinguswithallthenecessaryfacilitiesduringtheperiodof
ourprojectwork.
WetakeimmensepleasuretothankDr.SangeethaShibu,VicePrincipalofthecollegefor
hervaluablesupport.
WeplaceonrecordoursinceregratitudetoMr.AkhilK.P.,HOD,DepartmentofCivil
Engineering,forhisvaluableencouragement.
WeoweourprofoundgratitudetoMrs.SwathiM.S,ourprojectguideandagoodteacher,
forherimmenseencouragement,patientguidanceandmotivationthroughoutthiswork,her
immensesupportandceaselessinteresttowardsourworkwasmostgratefulandweconsider
itasourgreatestbenefitandhonourstohaveworkedunderherguidance.
Wetakethisopportunitytorecordoursincerethankstoallourdearfriendsfortheirvaluable
contributions.
Wealsoexpressoursincerethankstoourparentsfortheirunceasingencouragementand
support.
Wealsoplaceonrecordoursenseofgratitudetooneandallwhodirectlyandincredibly,
havelenttheirhelpinghandinthisventure.
SIANAANNSEBASTIAN

4. ABSTRACT
The‘PROJECT’workgiventoFirstyearstudentsenablesthemtoknowhowmuchofthe
knowledgesecuredintheclassroomsareappliedinthefield.Whenwegottheprojectwork,
wecameintothepracticalfieldtocollectthedetails.Wemetwithactualdifficultiesbut
timelysuggestionsandguidanceofourstaffmembersandthecompanyofficialshelpedusto
overcomeitall.Wegainedmuchknowledgeaboutthepracticalfieldbythesuccessful
completionofthisproject.Thisprojectincludesdetailsaboutconstructionaltechniques,raw
materialsanditsspecificationsusedinconstructionwork,typesofbuildingmaterials,
differentiatedstructures,etc.Preparationandanalysisofthisreportandunderstandingthe
coreconceptsoftheInternshipprogrammehelpsustograsptheconceptoffieldworkandto
andinterpretandsolvesituationalcircumstancesthatareseenonlyintheworkplace.Inthis
projectreport,wehavetriedourlevelbesttoexplainvariousstepsandmeasuresinvolvedin
thecompletionofitalongwiththepracticalknowledge

5. INDEX
SLNO. CONTENT PAGENO.
01 INTRODUCTIONOFREPORT 01
02 REFERENCESFROMINTERLOCKLAYING 03
03 OVERVIEWOFORGANISATION 05
04 HISTORYOFPWD 07
05 MOREABOUTTHEORGANISATION 09
06 WHATIHAVELEARNT 10
07 PICTORIALREFERENCESFROMI.H.R.DSITE12
08 SWOTANALYSIS 15
09 RECOMMENDATIONSANDCONCLUSIONS 17
10 REFERENCES 19

6. CHAPTER:01
INTRODUCTIONOFTHEREPORT
Internshipisapracticalexperienceopportunityandanintegralplatformofferedby
companiestolearnpracticalaspectsofprofessionalworklifewhichisverydifferentfrom
whatwelearnintheclassrooms.Sincelearninghappensthrougheducation,exposureand
experience,internshipprovidesusatasteoflearningthroughpracticalandlogicalmethodsof
problemsolving.
Therearemanybenefitsofaninternship.Whenyouwork,youlearn.Itcanaddremarkable
valuetothestudent'scareer.Inaninternship,thestudentsaregiventhechancetoshowcase
theirskills,talents,commitmentandvaluetoaprospectiveemployer.Andalsounderstand
andovercomeobstaclesandrisksthattakeplacebeyondthetextbooksandareseeninthe
workspace.Theydevelopskillstoanalyse,interpretandovercomechallengesandissuesthat
solelyhappenintheworkenvironment.
InobservingtheworksdoneinaconstructionsiteandthePWDoffice,wewereabletosee
howtheworkersandtheOfficialssolvedtheproblemsofunforeseenevents,economic
threats,externalcompetitionandtakeupstrategiesthatwentwellwiththeeventathand.This
skillformationcanonlyhappenthroughthoroughobservationandpracticalapplicationofthe
theoreticallessonslearntalongwithanindividual’sunderstandingofthecurrentsituations
andpropertrappinginoftheresources.Thismanagerialskillisimportantinhandling
unforeseenrisksandbetterproblemsolvingstrategies.
Thisinternshiphashelpedustolearnthefollowinginformation:
●TocommunicateefficientlyinasystematicOrganisation.
●Toacquireexposureinaworkingenvironment.
●Tolearnandapplytheoreticalknowledgepracticallyintheworkplace.
●Tounderstandtheconstructionandsupervisionworkofconcreting,etc.
●Toacquireknowledgeaboutthestepsinvolvedintheconstructionprocess.
●TolearnthedifferentmaterialsandmixturesusedinBuildingconstruction.

7. ●Tolearnhowtosolvetherisingproblemsandunexpectedevents.
●Tounderstandtheinternalandexternalfactorsaffectingtheoperationsofan
Organisation.
Duringthesitevisitwehadthechancetoexploreandobservetheconstructionofbeams,
doorsandwindowframes,arches,columns,andotherfinishingworksofanEducational
InstitutionandaPWDsite,bothlocatedatKundara.
Inthisreport,wewilltrytopresentour2weekspracticumexperienceoftheconstruction
workofthethirdfloorofanEducationalInstitution.
DuringourInternshipperiod,wewereextremelyluckyenoughtowitnessmorethanone
ongoingproject.TheinternshipismainlyabouttheconstructionofathirdfloortoThe
I.H.R.DCollegeofAppliedScience(AffiliatedtoUniversityofKerala),Thettikunnu,
Kundara-691501.Butitalsocontainssnippetsofaminiprojectofourobservationofthe
interlockbricklayinginthePWDoffice,Kundara.
IntheIHRDConstructionsite,wewereabletounderstandandanalysedifferentstructures
andmixturesusedinbuildingconstruction.
Wealsoobserved:
●MixingofrawmaterialsforConcreteandPlaster
●Beamandcolumnconstruction
●StepsandArchconstruction
●Ceilingworks
●Brickmasonry
●ReinforcedCementConcreteLintelling
●Plastering(wallandceiling)
●Waterproofing

8. ReferencesfromtheInterlockBrickLayingAtPWDSiteOffice:

10. CHAPTER:02
OVERVIEWOFTHEORGANISATION
Formed:1823
Headquarters:Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala,India
Parentagency:GovernmentofKerala
Precedingagencies:PanivakaiMaramath-KingdomofTravancore,CochinMaramath-
KingdomofCochin.
MISSION:
●“Tomeetthestates’needfortheprovisionandmanagementoftheStateRoads
networkandbuildinginfrastructurestothebeststandardswithinthestrategicpolicy
frameworksetbytheGovt.ofthestateandthuspromotetheeconomicwell-being
andthequalityoflifeofthePeople”.

11. VISION:
●Workingforthecommunitytohaveapositiveeffectontheeconomicandsociallife
ofourstate.
●Providingemploymenttothepeopleatvariouslevelsandcategories.
COMMITMENT:
●ToprovidequalityservicesforsafeandpurposefulPublic,Officeandresidential
buildingsatreasonablecostbyadoptingthebestpracticeswithadvanced
technologies.

12. HISTORY:
InKochi,BritishResidentshadaseparatedepartmentcalledthePublicWorksCommission
tocarryoffconstructionworksinBritishCochin.ThekingdomhaditsownMaramath
Departmentsince1825.
In1901,theKingdomsofTravancoreandCochinagreedtohaveanunifiedPWDCodeanda
permanentJointcommissionofPWDEngineersonbothsideswereformed.In1949,when
theUnitedStateofTravancore-Cochinwasformed,boththeMaramathDepartmentswere
mergedandrenamedasKeralaPWD.Overtheyearsthedepartmenthasgrownsubstantially
andnowhas8ChiefEngineers,25SuperintendingEngineers,76ExecutiveEngineers,289
AssistantExecutiveEngineers,639AssistantEngineersandothersupportingstaff.
ABOUTTHEDEPARTMENTS:
Thedepartmentisheadedbyaseniorministerofcabinetrank.PresentlyP.A.Mohammed
Riyas,representingBeyporeConstituencyistheministerforPWD.TheMinisterisassisted
byaseniorIASofficer,SecretaryforPublicWorkswhoheadsthesecretariatfunctions.Asa
technicaldepartment,ithasacouncilcomposedofChiefEngineersandtechnicaladvisors
alongwithnominatedrepresentativesfromeconomicalandsocialspheres.
WINGS:
●AdministrationWing
ThiswingisheadedbyaChiefEngineeranddealswithmattersrelatedtothegeneral
administrationandhumanresourcesmanagementpertainingtothewholedepartment.
●RoadsWing
Roadswingdealswiththeplanning,projectpreparation,construction,maintenanceand
arrangementofworksofallStateHighwaysandMajorDistrictRoadsundertheState.
●BridgesWing
Bridgeswingwasformedexclusivelyfortheconstructionandmaintenanceofvarioustypes
ofbridgesunderKeralaPWDon27.03.2018asapartoftheinitiative"PuthiyakalamPuthiya
nirmanam".

13. ●NationalHighwaysWing
NationalHighwayswingoftheStatePWDwasformedforthemaintenanceandupkeepof
NationalHighwaysentrustedtoStatePWDinaccordancewithNHAct1956bytheMinistry
ofRoadTransportandHighways(MoRTH),GovernmentofIndia.
●BuildingsWing
Thebuilding'swingdealswiththeplanning,projectpreparation,construction,maintenance
andarrangementofworksincludingwatersupply,electrificationandelectronicworksof
publicbuildings.
●ProjectsWing
Projectswingisformedtoexecuteexternallyaidedprojectsandspecialisedprojects.
●DesignWing
DesignwingofPWDdealswiththedesign,research,investigationandqualitycontrol
aspectsofvariousinfrastructureprojectsandisheadedbyaChiefEngineer.
●RoadMaintenanceWing
RoadMaintenancewingisformedformaintainingvarioustypesofroadsunderthecontrolof
KeralaPWDthroughtheadoptionofnewtechnologiesandmethods.
●ArchitecturalWing
TheArchitecturalwingisresponsibleforthepreparationandfinalisationofallarchitectural
designsanddrawingsforbuildingsandsimilarworkstobeexecutedbythePublicWorks
Department.

14. MOREABOUTTHEORGANISATION:
●PublicWorksDepartmentisoneoftheveryprominentengineeringdepartmentof
Keralaandisthestatutoryauthorityfordesigning,planning,monitoring,constructing
andundertakingmaintenanceofpublicworksoftheStateGovernmentsuchas
GovernmentBuildings,Roads,Bridgesetc,irrespectiveofthesourceoffundsforthe
same.
●KeralaPublicWorksDepartment(KPWD)isadepartmentunderthegovernmentof
thestateofKerala,India.Itmanagestheconstructionandmaintenanceofcivil
structuresownedbythegovernmentviz;governmentbuildings,governmentowned
hospitals(partofthepublichealthsystem),roads,bridgesetc.
●TheDepartmentisheadedbytheMinisterforPublicWorksandtheSecretaryto
GovernmentattheSecretariat.ThepresentorganisationalstructureofthePublic
WorksDepartmentismainlydividedintovariouswingsbasedonthenatureofworks
andeachwingisundertheadministrativecontrolofaChiefEngineer.
ThefollowingorganisationsarefunctioningundertheDepartment:
●KeralaStateTransportProject
●RoadsandBridgesDevelopmentCorporationofKeralaLtd.
●KeralaRoadFundBoard
●KeralaStateConstructionCorporationLtd.
●KeralaRapidTransitCorporationLtd
●RoadInfrastructureCompanyKeralaLimited
●PratheekshaBusSheltersKeralaLtd
●AshwasPublicKERALALTD

15. CHAPTER:03
WHATIHAVELEARNT
Thesequenceofworktobefollowedintheconstructionofabuildingistheutmostimportant
procedureofconstruction.Wewereabletoobserve,navigate,understandandlearnthe
differentstepsinvolvedinbuildingconstruction,Interlockbricklaying,someofthematerials
andstructuresusedforconstruction,alongwithsomematerialsusedforthesameinthegiven
projectathand.
Thebuildingalreadyconsistedoftwofloors,andtheprojectintentionwastoexpandthe
spacewithanotherfloorontop.TheconstructionPlan’sblueprintwasalreadyprovidedby
thesaidUniversitytothePWDoffice.ThegoalwastofollowtheplantoaTandcoincide
withtheexistingstructure.
Thedifferentstepsinvolvedinconstructionareasfollows:
●SiteClearance
●Surveyingandlayout
●Excavation
●LayingofPCC
●Waterproofing
●Barbindingandplacementoffoundationsteel
●Concreting
●ElectricalandPlumbing
●Wallconstruction
●BeamsandColumns,Arches
●Plastering
●Flooringandtilingwork
●Finishingandwhitewashing
●Finalcompletionandhandingovertheproject

16. SomeBasicConstructionInformation:
●PortlandPozzolanaCement(PCC)of43Gradeswasused.
●TheConcretemixturewasofM15gradewitharatioof-1:2:4(RatioofConcrete
Mix-Cement:Sand:Aggregate)Thenumberfollowingthe“M”(mix)representsthe
CompressiveStrengthofthatconcretemixinN/mm^2after28days.(i.e,M15grade
cementwillattain15N/mm^2ofCompressiveStrengthafter28days)
●TestsforstrengthoftheConcreteisdoneafter28daysuntilwhichitiswateredonthe
daily.
●ReinforcedCementConcreteLintelisusedfordoorframes.
●BrickMasonrySemi-CircularArchColumnsareconstructedaroundthestructure.
●Plasteringisdoneformasonrystructureslikeceilingsandwalls(Mixtureofplaster:
Cement,sandandwater).
●Waterproofingcompoundwithcementandsandisused.
●SlakedLime(CalciumHydroxide)orChalkCalciumCarbonateisusedforwhite
washingwalls.

17. PICTORIALREFERENCESFROMI.H.R.D.COLLEGESITE
ArchConstruction:
LintelConcretingDoorFrame:

18. ConstructionofBeamsandColumns:
Flooring:

19. PlasteringWallandCeiling:

20. CHAPTER:04
SWOTANALYSIS
Strengths:
●Theinfrastructureisvastandtheplanningactionisthoroughlyfocused.
●ThestrategicfeedbackloopcreatedbythenewestMinister“PWD4U”hashelpedin
betteringtheservicessince.
●Proceduralflexibilitywasobserved.
●AsitcomesundertheStateGovernment,thefunctioningisn’taffectedbyanysortof
crisis.
●Thereisnoshortageofliquidfundsfortheprojectsathand.
●Thereisalsonoshortageofworkersandlabourers.
Weaknesses:
●Thereisalackofpropercommunicationamongthedifferentdepartments.
●Thereisnoensureddisciplineintheofficespace.
●HealthandSafetyriskoftheworkerswasmagnified.
●Thereisnopropermaintenanceorsupervisionofstaffattendance.
●Decisionmakingtimeislengthy.
●Databasesarewornandrusty.
●Olderandunsustainablemeansofmanualrecordmaintenancewasobserved,whichis
timeconsuming.
Opportunities:
●Thereisnoshortageofprojectsforthewings.
●CustomizationofworkwiththeIndiancontextwasseen.
●AsitisanentrustedorganisationcomingundertheGovernment,institutions,
personnels,etc.,aren’thesitanttoreachoutforassistance.
●Astheofficesarenotlocatedinremoteareas,theyareeasilyaccesible.

21. Threats:
●Astheprivatesectoriseverevolving,thereisadownwardshiftintheamountof
projectsthusreceived.
●ContractswiththeGovernmentcanbemoretimeconsumingthanwiththePrivate
sector.
●Itisnotpreferredforspeedyworksorurgentconstructions.
●Thepublicopinionabouttheorganisationhasbeendownhillforalongwhileandthus
willtaketimetoupliftthesame.

22. CHAPTER:05
RECOMMENDATIONSANDCONCLUSIONS
AsthePWDisanactiveandvaststructuralfacilityundertheGovernmentoftherespected
State,theinfrastructuralvaluesareimpeccable.Thoughitisahighlyfunctionalstructure,it
hasitsweaknessesthatactasamajordealbreaker.Theinformationfromtheprojectsites
shouldbeupdatedmorefrequently,anditistobepassedimmediatelytotheconcernedHead
Offices.Asthiswaslacking,therewasaconstantmiscommunicationregardingwork
progress.Speakingfromexperience,theofficerswereinformedthatthereisongoingworkat
oneparticularconstructionsitebutitwasalreadydoneafewdaysago.
ThereisnosenseofdisciplineintheofficeandtheOfficialsarealwaystardydespiteitbeing
aresponsibleorganisation.Thereisahugedelayindecisionmakingasitisfunctioningunder
thegovernmentandtheyneedtoconsulthigherauthoritiesbeforeapprovingorundertakinga
newtask.Thispassesasahugethreattotheopportunitiestheyreceivecomparedtoaprivate
sectororganisation.Althoughthestrategiesaregood,thesefactorsholdtheorganisationback
frombeingthebestitcouldbe.Thecompetitorsfromprivatesectorsuseadvancedresources
andmoresystematicwaysofdatastorageandcollection,makingtheirworkeasier.
Inouropinion,TheOrganisationshouldutiliseitspublicopinionpolicyandfurtherdevelop
itsexistingstrategiesintomoreprofityielding,sustainableandpeoplefriendlyobjectives.
WithreferencetotheFeedbackpolicyobservedbytheNewestPWDMinister,andhisnew
inspectiontechniques,newstrategieshavebeenundertakentoensureseamlessservicesand
tominimisefaultybehaviouroftherespectedstaff.Althoughthisisagoodmeasurefor
correction,itisn’tenoughtogettheorganisationupandrunninginawaythatwouldbenefit
itself.Thetraditionalwaysofrecordkeepinghastogo,anddecisionsonventuresneedto
pickupspeedtoensurethatthereareenoughprojectsrunning,andthatthey’retheoneswith
theupperhandcomparedtotheprivateconstructionsector.
TheOrganisationneedsfreshfaceswithnew,innovativeandcreativeworkingstylesto
re-capturethelatesttechniquesinbetteringtheservicesoffered,ratherthanthetraditional
employeeswhodon'tgooutoftheirwaytoworkforthegivenstrategy.Youngbrainsand

23. theirideologieswillhelpthedepartmenttowardsabettertomorrowwithevenbetter
opportunities.
SoinConclusion,theOrganisationneeds:
●Toappointmoreresponsibleemployees
●Toinspectworksitesandseethattheyfollowtheguidelines
●Tostresstheoverallmissionandvisionoftheenterprise
●Tocreateaspaceforinnovativeandcreativewaystobloom
●Tobetterthedataanalysisandstorage
●Toimplementstrictdisciplinaryrulesacrossthepremises
●Tomaketheemployeesunderstandthelongtermandshorttermgoalsofthe
Organisation
●ToquickentheDecisionmakingperiod
●Toadaptadynamicbehaviourtotacklecompetition
●Tostrategizewaystominimiseinternalandexternalrisks

24. REFERENCES
1."KeralaPublicWorksDepartmentOfficialWebsite".
2.GovernmentofKeralaOfficialWebsite.'PublicWorksDepartment'.
3.CivilDigital.com
Books:
1.CivilEngineeringHandbook,byS.K.Khanna.
2.BuildingMaterials,byS.K.Duggal.