Interpersonal theory

interpersonal theory

1. Interpersonal theory PRESENTED BY- MR.PANKAJ SINGH SHEKHAWAT

2. BOOKS BY HARRY STACK SULLIVAN Personal Psychopathology.  Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry.  The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry.  The Psychiatric Interview . Schizophrenia as a Human Process .

3. definition According to Vacarolis , it is defined as “the process of developing trustworthy relationship that involves the interaction between two or more people”.

4. Behavioural deviations

5. Two needs satisfaction security

6. Major concept

7. anxiety Anxiety is the feeling of emotional discomfort, toward the relief or prevention of which all behavior is aimed.

8. Satisfaction of needs Satisfaction of needs is the fulfillment of all requirements associated with an individual’s psychochemical environment.

9. Interpersonal security Interpersonal Security is the feeling associated with the relief from anxiety. He believed individuals have an innate need for interpersonal security.

10. Self esteem Good me - Good me is the part of personality that develop in the response to positive feedback from the primary caregiver

11. Bad me - Bad me is the part of personality that develops in the response to negative feedback from the primary caregiver.

12. Not me - Not me is the part of the personality that response to situations that produce intense anxiety in the child. Feeling of horror, awe, and dread are experienced in response to situations.

13. Level of cognition

14. prototaxic Stream of consciousness e.g. sensations, images, feelings that flow through the mind. Purest form will be observed in early months of life. Experiences that are impossible to put into words or to communicate to others are called prototaxic .

15. parataxic observing casual relationship between events that occurs at about the same time, but no logically related. Experiences that are prelogical and nearly impossible to accurately communicate to others are called parataxic .

16. syntaxic Consensually validated symbol acclivity, verbal in nature, produces logical order among experience and enable people to communicate with one another. Experiences that can be accurately communicated to others called syntaxic .

17. principals

18. Interpersonal relationship and personality development In this development Sullivan was concerned with anxiety arousing aspects of development of interpersonal relationships during early development. Since the infant completely dependent on significant others for meeting all physical and psychological needs lack of love and care lead to an insecure and anxious human being.

19. Social exchange, roles and games Three ways of viewing our relationship with other people will helpful in understanding both satisfying and hurtful interactions. Each person in the relationship wants something from the other and the exchange that results is essentially a trading or bargaining one.

20. Interpersonal accomodation It is the process where by two persons evolve patterns or communication and interaction that enable to attain common goals, meet mutual needs and build a satisfying relationship.

21. Stages of personality development

22. Infancy (Birth-18 months) GRATIFICATION OF NEEDS – During the beginning stage, the major developmental task for the child is the gratification of needs. This is accomplished through activity associated with the mouth such as crying, thumb sucking.

23. Childhood (18 mo-6 yrs) DELAYED GRATIFICATION - At ages 18 month to 6 years, the child learns that interference with fulfillment of personal wishes and desires may result in the delayed gratification.

24. Juvenile era(6-9 yrs) FORMATION OF PEER GROUP - The major task of juvenile stage is formation of satisfactory relationships within peer groups. This is accomplished through the use of competition, co-operation, and compromise.

25. Preadolescence (9-12 yrs) DEVELOPING RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN SAME GENDER - The task at the Preadolescence stage focus on developing relationships with persons of the same sex. One’s ability to collaborate with and show love and affection for another person begins at this stage.

26. Early Adolescence (12-14 yrs) IDENTITY - During early adolescence, the child is struggling with developing a sense of identity that is separate and independent from the parents. The major task is the formation of satisfactory relationships with members of the opposite sex.

27. Late Adolescence (14-21 yrs) FORMING LASTING, INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS - The late adolescence period is characterized by tasks associated with the attempt to achieve interdependence with the society and the formation of a lasting, intimate relationship with a selected member of opposite sex.

28. Factors influencing the Interpersonal Communication

29. VALUES, ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS - Values, attitudes and beliefs can influence interpersonal communication.

30. CULTURE OR RELIGION - : Culture values are learned and differ from society to society. For example : In some European countries men may great each other with hugs and kisses. This behavior was appropriate in those cultures but would communicate a different message in the United States.

31. SOCIAL STATUS - Social status or powers have suggested that high status persons are associated with gestures communicate their higher power position.

32. GENDER - Gender influences the manner in which the individuals communicate. Each culture has gender signals that are recognized as either masculine or feminine and provide a basis for distinguishing between members of each sex.

33. AGE - Age influences the interpersonal communication and it is more evident than during adolescence. In their struggle to separate from prenatal confines and establish their own identify adolescents generate a pattern of communication that is unique and changes from generation to generation.

34. ENVIRONMENT – Some individuals who feel uncomfortable and refuse to speak during a group therapy session may be open and willing to discuss problems privately on a one-to-one basis with the nurse.

35. RELEVANCE OF INTERPERSONAL THEORY TO NURSING PRACTICE: It has a significance relevance to nursing practice. Nurses develop therapeutic relationships with clients in an effort to help them generalize this ability to interact successfully with others.   Nurses use the concepts of sullivan’s theory to help clients achieve a higher degree of independent and interpersonal functioning.

36. CONCLUSION The interpersonal model is handicapped by incomplete information concerning most aspects of interpersonal relationship. As a result many of Sullivan’s concepts and those of later investigators lack of limitations, however the interpersonal model has served to focus attention on the quality of the individuals close personal relationships as a key factor in determining whether behavior will be effective or maladaptive.

37. assignment Write down the major concept of interpersonal theory and submitted on 13/04/2017 at 12:00 PM