Intra oral radiographs

This gives the various techniques of intraoral radiography and specialized techniques.

1. INTRA ORAL RADIOGRAPHic techniques MELBIA SHINY FIRST yr MDS

2. contents Periapical Bite wing Occlusal specialised

3. Basic principles

4. Types Periapical Bite wing occlusal

5. Full mouth set

6. Periapical radiography Radiographic technique of oral structure taken by placing film in oral cavity while X ray source is outside oral cavity. Paralleling technique Bisecting angle technique

7. Indication Apical lesion ,cyst & apical surgery Dental caries Mixed dentition analysis Pulp pathology Periodontal status Trauma Unerupted tooth Endodontic treatment & implant prosthesis

8. Limitation Trismus Gagging Large cyst & tumours Two dimensional image

9. Image receptor Film Charge coupled device (CCD) Complementary metal oxide semiconductors(CMOS) Sensors Storage phosphorous plates

10. Paralleling/ fitzgerald technique

11. Principle

12. Receptor holding instrument Rinn XCP film holder Rinn XCP-DS solid state digital sensor holder

13. Digital phosphor plate holder

14. Masel precision all in one metal holder

15. Hawe Neos holder

16. Patient positioning

17. Angulation of tube head

18. Receptor placement

19. Maxillary central incisors

20. Maxillary lateral incisors

21. Maxillary canine

22. Maxillary premolars

23. Maxillary molars

24. Distal oblique

25. Mandibular incisors

26. Mandibular canines

27. Mandibular premolars

28. Mandibular molars

29. Distal oblique

30. Bisecting angle technique/ short cone Cieszynski’s rule of isometry

31. Indications Large rigid sensors Anatomy of patient

32. Receptor holding instruments

33. Receptor placement

34. Flim & its placement

35. Position of patient

36. Angulation of tube head Vertical : max mad Incisors +40 -15 Canines +45 -20 Premolars +30 -10 Molars +20 -5

37. Horizontal angulation

38. Tube head position

39. Le master technique/modified bisecting angle technique

40. Maxillary central incisors lateral incisor

41. Maxillary canine

42. Maxillary Premolar Molar

43. Third molar

44. mandibular incisors canine

45. Mandibular Premolars molars

46. Third molar

47. comparison Bisecting Paralleling technique 1)Distortion of image < 2)Superimposition of no zygomatic bone 3)Cone cut not 4)Alveolar bone fills Interproximal space true relation 5)Easier & < space 6)Long teeth seen by Vertical angulation

48. Bite wing/ interproximal technique Interproximal caries Secondary caries Periodontal condition Calculus Deciduous & permanent

49. Principle

50. Films

51. Angulation

52. Horizontal bite wing receptor

53. Hawe neos kwikbite horizontal holder

54. Horizontal bite wing Rinn XCP DS solid planmeca solid state statedigital sensor digital sensor holder

55. Vertical bite wing receptor

56. Premolar molar

57. Anterior bite wing

58. Occlusal radiography/sandwich radiography Intra oral technique in which large occlusal areas of maxilla & mandible is recorded.

59. Indication Trismus Precise location of roots, supernumerary, unerupted , & impacted teeth. Calculi in salivary gland duct Maxillary sinus Trauma Size & extend of cyst & tumours Position of unerupted canine

60. Maxillary anterior occlusal

61. Anterior Mandibular occlusal

62. Maxillary cross section

63. Mandibular crossection

64. Lateral Maxillary occlusal

65. Lateral Mandibular occlusal

66. Specialized intra oral techniques 1) Mandibular third molar Surgical needle holder technique/ & using film holder A - emmenix /snap -A-ray B – worth film holder C – artery forceps

67. Two radiograph technique

68. Modified X ray cone technique

69. Gagging /retching Area sensitive to gagging

70. management Attitude Time limit < Exposure sequence – anterior Divert attention Application of LA spray, undiluted mouth wash,placebo medicines,ice cold water,table salts Use Bite block & film holding device

71. Place film packet flat on occlusal plane

72. Endodontics Taping film packet

73. Special endodontic film holder Endo ray film holder

74. Two different radiographs for separation of root canal

75. Thin apex Small X ray beam & low KV Rubber dam & saliva ejector

76. Root length assesment

77. Edentulous ridge Paralleling technique with cotton rolls

78. Paediatric patient Film size – 0 < 10 yrs – 50% reduce mA ,10 to 15 yrs – 25% reduce mA Show & tell approach Iead apron & thyroid collar.

79. Modified bisected angle technique

80. Reverse bite wing radiography

81. Object localization Foreign objects Salivary gland stones Canal position Impacted teeth Root piece Broken needle

82. Buccal object rule/Clark rule/tube shift cone/SLOB Principle of parallex

83. Right angle technique

84. stereoscopy

85. Radiopaque wire technique Edentulous patient

86. Shallow palate

87. Bony growth

88. Lingual frenum

89. Premolar area

90. Supine position radiography