Intradermal - Parenteral Administrations

Parenteral Medication Administration - ID

1. SKILLS ENHANCEMENT Nursing Procedures

2. PARENTERAL MEDICATION

3. Administering medicine through injection, is an invasive procedure that must be performed using aseptic techniques . It requires certain skills to ensure that the drug reaches the proper location. EQUIPMENT: Syringes with Needle Types of container of medications (Ampule/vial) DEFINITION MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES

4. Types of injection being given influence the selection of a site The site should be free of inflammation, rash, lesion and scar tissue. PREPARATION OF THE INJECTION SITE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES Any area with a large amount of hair is avoided. The needle should never be inserted through a mole or freckle.

5. Administration of a medication by wrong route can cause several problems: SELECTING A SITE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES Additional discomfort for the patient Slowed absorption of the medicine Change in effect of the medicine Possibly an abscess at the injection site

6. Skin cannot be made sterile but most organisms can be removed by wiping the skin from the center where the needle will be inserted and moving in an outward direction to carry away microorganisms from the injection site CLEANING THE SITE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES

7. CLEANING THE SITE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES LET IT DRY FOR SECONDS Substance (antiseptic/antimicrobials) can be forced into the tissues by the needle that can irritate tissues and is uncomfortable for the patient. A clean area is contaminated when a soiled object is rubbed over its surface.

8. ADMINISTERING INJECTIONS MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES Injection breaks the integrity of the skin. Thereby risking the introduction of pathogens. Injections are uncomfortable. Nurse should do all possible to minimize discomfort

9. ADMINISTERING INJECTIONS MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL NURSING PROCEDURES Piercing tissue with needle causes only momentary discomfort but some solutions irritates tissue and cause discomfort for several minutes or longer. Skills in administering medication minimize pain.

10. Measures to prevent unnecessary discomfort to patients

11. Prior to injecting medications: Select the smallest gauge needle possible for the medicine and injection site Inspect needle for sharpness and freedom from burrs Numb the skin Rotate sites, if receiving at regular intervals

12. During injection : Insert needle quickly without hesitation Inject the medicine slowly to allow time for absorption into the tissues

13. After injection : Withdraw the needle quickly. Massage the injection site with sterile swab to encourage absorption of the medicines into the tissues. Massage the area firmly but gently, do not just wipe the site.

14. Is the introduction of a solution by means of syringe and needle into the superficial layer of the skin ACTION LOCAL EFFECT INTRADERMAL INTRACUTANEOUS

15. Purposes: To determine the susceptibility to disease and infection ( Mantoux test) To inject drug for therapeutic treatment ( Antirabies ) To test for specific allergic reaction (skin testing) To produce anesthesia

16. Site: Locations are chosen so that an inflammatory reaction can be observed. Preferred areas are lightly pigmented, thinly keratinized and hairless, because those conditions may interfere with assessment of skin changes at the site.

17. Site: Inner aspect of the forearm Ventral mid-forearm Clavicular area of the chest Scapular area of the back

18. Needle: At 10-15 degree angle; Bevel up

19. Needle: Needle gauge 26-27; 3/8”, 5/8” or ½” length Syringe 1ml (0.01 – 0.1 ml)

20. Observe general principles of giving medicines Report immediately any untoward effect of the drug Avoid danger such as; Causing an abscess Breaking the needle in the tissue Striking a bone Capillary tissue damage GENERAL CONSIDERATION

21. SKILLS

22. THANK YOU!