INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONION.pptx

INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

1. I ntrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

2. Edward Deci (1975:23) defined intrinsic motivation as ones for which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself. People seem to engage in the activities for their own sake and not because they lead to an extrinsic reward. It is aimed at bringing about certain internally rewarding consequences, namely, feelings of competence and self-determination. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are carried out in anticipation of a reward from outside and beyond the self. Typical extrinsic rewards are money, prizes, grades, types of positive feedback. Avoiding punishment is also extrinsically motivated behavior.

3. Which is more superior? Maslow (1970) found that intrinsic motivation is clearly superior to extrinsic. We are ultimately motivated to achieve “self-actualization” once our basic physical, safety, and community needs are met. Regardless of the presence or absence of extrinsic rewards, we will strive for self-esteem and fulfillment. Jerome Bruner (1966) claimed that one of the most effective ways to help both children and adults think and learn is to free them from the control of rewards and punishments. One of the principal weakness of extrinsically driven behavior is its addictive nature.

4. Factors of Intrinsic Motivation Dornyei and Csizer (1998) proposed a taxonomy of factors by which teachers could motivate their learners. Factors such as developing a relationship with learners, building learner’s self-confidence and autonomy, personalizing the learning process, and increasing learner’s goal orientation belong to the intrinsic side of motivation.