Intro to Design (for Engineers) at Sydney Uni

A one hour lecture delivered in May 2024 to the Intro to Mechatronics unit at The University of Sydney, Australia. By Dr. Ricardo Sosa

1. Design: Thinking & Practice Ricardo Sosa, PhD SFHEA

2. “Always Was, Always Will Be”

3. Methods and Tools http://designthinkmakebreakrepeat.com 101designmethods.com bispublishers.com

4. Method: Worst Possible Idea Unlock imagination Permission to be playful Then pause and think…

5. Method: Worst Possible Idea Step 1 : Choose the problem space you’re addressing. Step 2: Think of worst possible ideas to solve the problem and record them on a sticky note. Try to think of ideas that are extremely bad, terrible, silly, impossible, and possibly illegal! Step 3: Share your ideas with your team. Step 4: Review the ideas and use them to prompt a new way of thinking about the problem. Consider: What are their attributes, and why do they make it a bad idea? What is the opposite of the bad ideas? How can the ideas be merged or modified?

6. What is design? “Design thinking” Design practices

7. What is design? Image: Repro. of painting by Louis Emile Adan (1839-1937), copyrighted by Braun & Co., N.Y., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Image: Photo by  Kumpan Electric  on  Unsplash Established + Emerging Old + New Crafts, Technology, Inventions, Art

8. Design https://www.carparts.com/blog/parts-of-a-car-door/

9. Urban Planning Industrial Design Architecture Graphic Design Mechatronic Design Experience Design Interaction Design Systems Design Social Design

10. Business Economics Education Science Design Engineering Law Health & Medicine Social Studies

11. Transformations Organisations, strategies, Systems Information, interface, experience Interaction Objects, products Industrial What is design? Mortati , M. (2022). New Design Knowledge and the Fifth Order of Design.  Design Issues ,  38 (4), 21-34. Images, symbols Graphic

12. What is design? Craftsmanship Better form, function, construction Detail Design Better aesthetic, quality, human factors Concept Design Better ideas, integration, experiences Problem Solving Responses to wicked problems, complex systems Strategic Design Improved human & planet health, sustainability

13. What is design? Noun… Referring to particular objects or forms “I like that design” Adjective… Describing aesthetic qualities or forms “That’s a well-designed seat” Pronoun… Referring to the industry/discipline as a whole “Design is evolving” Verb… Describing act of doing design “Designing requires creativity”

14. Interaction Design https://image.chewy.com/is/image/catalog/146735_PT3._AC_SL1500_V1525449469_.jpg https://www.hope-education.co.uk/product/stationery/pens/ https://www.mdsupplies.com/medical-supplies-Exel-Insulin-Syringe-05cc-30g-x-516-FKK6HV74LT.html

15. Interaction Design https://www.weitzlux.com/defective-drugs-and-devices/epipen-litigation/ https://www.auvi-q.com/hcp/about-auvi-q

16. Design decisions https://www.statnews.com/2016/09/09/epipen-lack-of-innovation/ https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/09/20/157437/it-costs-30-to-make-a-diy-epipen-and-heres-the-proof/ “From 2007 to 2017 Mylan jacked up the price of a two-pack of EpiPens from $94 to $609 ” “If you’re the monopolist … I don’t see why there would be any pressure to innovate … EpiPen’s flaws seem like features, not a bug ” - Nicholson Price, University of Michigan Law School https://www.vox.com/policy/23658275/epipen-cost-price-how-much

17. Transformations Organisations, strategies, Systems Information, interface, experience Interaction Objects, products Industrial What is design? Mortati , M. (2022). New Design Knowledge and the Fifth Order of Design.  Design Issues ,  38 (4), 21-34. Images, symbols Graphic

18. “Rocket Science” is tame

19. Wicked Problems Rittel , H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences , 4 (2), 155-169. Goel, V., & Pirolli , P. (1992). The structure of design problem spaces. Cognitive Science , 16(3), 395-429. Coyne, R. (2005). Wicked problems revisited. Design Studies , 26 (1), 5-17. Image: Wahl (2017) Wicked (not Tame ) Problem Framings

20. Tame Parking Problem = More Spaces https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/vintage-photographs-of-early-vertical-parking-garages/ https://www.melrosepaving.ca/4-important-steps-to-ensure-quality-commercial-parking-lot-paving-for-your-business/

21. Why do we need parking? Who needs it? When? How often? For how long? Access needs? How else may people commute? When may they commute? Schedules Incentives & expectations Real-time information Shared modes of transport Car sizes Wicked Parking Problem = ??? https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/vintage-photographs-of-early-vertical-parking-garages/ https://www.melrosepaving.ca/4-important-steps-to-ensure-quality-commercial-parking-lot-paving-for-your-business/

22. A university problem? An education problem? A parental problem? A legal problem? A police problem? A cultural problem? A mental health problem? A technology problem?

23. Transformations Organisations, strategies, Systems Information, interface, experience Interaction Objects, products Industrial What is design? Mortati , M. (2022). New Design Knowledge and the Fifth Order of Design.  Design Issues ,  38 (4), 21-34. Images, symbols Graphic

24. Design as a mindset

25. https://quotefancy.com/

26. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-nasa-readies-first-flight/

27. Design Dispositions No “definite list”, but often identified: No right/wrong answers, but more/less appropriate No final solution, but some considered great in specific contexts A curiosity and inquisitive mindset: What? Why? How? Who? An imaginative attitude open to paradoxes: What if? So what? Quantity of ideas leads to quality Don’t rush to solve, understand the problem and develop your ideas Seek originality but build on past and present Integrate evidence with intuition Suspend disbelief to imagine futures, but be ethical and responsible Collaborate and learn with others

28. Design as a process H Plattner , C Meinel & LJ Leifer (Eds.), Design Thinking: Understand–Improve–Apply. Springer.

29. The Double Diamond UK Design Council A map, not a “design model”!

30. https://www.halfords.com/advice/cycling/buyers-guides/bike-helmets-buyers-guide-video

31. https://hovding.com /

32. Fuzzy Front End https://china.xavor.com/how-we-do-it/ Research Concept Development Design Outcomes Embrace ambiguity Question assumptions

33. What is design? Design thinking Design practices

34. Design thinking? “A change in worldview facilitated by dialogue” (Wahl, 2017) “It’s how it works, not how it looks” (S. Jobs?)

35. User Experience The perceptions and responses that a person experiences as a result of using or anticipating use of a product, system or service

36. UX and Engineering https:// www.roboticsbusinessreview.com /on-demand-webinars/overcoming-challenges-haptic-feedback-robotic-surgery-platforms/ https://kronikare.ai/kronikare-how-does-it-work/ Surgical tools with haptic feedback capability for training doctors in remote areas Patients get their wounds scanned and assessed; it captures wounds in UV, visible light and thermal images.

37. UX and Engineering

38. Dr. Ian Malcolm: “Yeah, but your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could , they didn't stop to think if they should .” https://geektyrant.com/news/jeff-goldblum-says-dr-ian-malcolm-was-nearly-cut-from-jurassic-park http://pluspng.com/jurassic-park-png-3840.html

39. What is design? Design thinking Design practices

40. Thinking: Inventive Applied Problem solving Practices: Observation Research Testing Collaborative Evidence based Iteration Build Design and Engineering Engineering Design Shared Deductive+Inductive Reasoning Predictable conditions (e.g. steel beam) Hypothesis testing Emphasis on tech requirements Functional Low-risk tolerance D+I+Abductive Reasoning Unpredictable agents (e.g. people) Assumption testing Emphasis on user requirements Emotional & Functional High-risk tolerance

41. WRONG (We use the whole brain to be creative) We are all creative!

42. Design Specialists Educated and trained in design, for example, as product designers or architects. Design Integrators Designers who have skills that go beyond the technical design domains Design Multipliers Advocates of design who are specialists in a non-design domain . They can apply design in their domain of work . Designpreneurs Owners or business developers of design products or brands who balance design sensibilities with strong business acumen. https://www.designsingapore.org/resources/design-education-review-committee-report.html

43. Sydney Design Lab Our research explores the role of design for speculating on the future , and to envision, define and inform the interactions and experiences between people and digital and emerging technologies. https://design.sydney.edu.au

44. What is design? Design thinking Design practices Questions

45. Design: Thinking & Practice Ricardo Sosa, PhD SFHEA Sydney School of Architecture, Design & Planning