Introduction of Data and Information in IS

Introduction of Data and Information in IS

1. UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1.Data&Information
1.2.Informationneedandbenefits
1.3.Input,Processing,Outputandfeedback

2. 1.1 Data & Information
Thefrequencyoftheuseofthewordsdata
andinformationareveryhighinourdaily
lives.Dependingonthecontextthe
meaningsanduseofthesewordsdiffer.
Bothdataandinformationaretypesof
knowledgeorsomethingusedtoattain
knowledge.Thoughusedinterchangeably,
therearemanydifferencesbetweenthe
meaningsofthesetwowords.

4. Data:
dataisraw.
Itsimplyexistsandhasno
significancebeyonditsexistence(in
andofitself).
Itcanexistinanyform,usableornot.
Itdoesnothavemeaningofitself.
Incomputerparlance,aspreadsheet
generallystartsoutbyholdingdata.

5. The examples of data can be
Facts
In computer terms, symbols, characters,
images, or numbers are data

6. Information:
informationisdatathathasbeengiven
meaning bywayofrelational
connection.
This"meaning"canbeuseful,butdoes
nothavetobe.
Incomputerterms,arelational
databasemakesinformationfromthe
datastoredwithinit.

7. Informationcanbeaperception,
representation,knowledge,orevenan
instruction.
Informationcanbeexplainedasanykind
ofunderstandingorknowledgethatcan
beexchangedwithpeople.
Itcanbeaboutfacts,things,concepts,
oranythingrelevanttothetopic
concerned.

9. DATA vs INFORMATION
Ifdataisatthelowestlevelinthe
series,informationisplacedatthe
nextstep.
Asanexample,ifyouhavealiston
theSevenWondersoftheWorld,that
isadata;ifyouhaveabookgiving
detailsabouteachwonder,itis
information.

10. Datacanbeintheformofnumbers,
characters, symbols, oreven
pictures.Acollectionofthesedata
whichconveyssomemeaningfulidea
isinformation.Itmayprovideanswers
toquestionslikewho,which,when,
why,what,andhow.

11. Therawinputisdataandithasno
significancewhenitexistsinthat
form.When dataiscollatedor
organizedintosomethingmeaningful,
itgainssignificance.Thismeaningful
organizationisinformation.

12. Knowledge
Knowledge istheappropriate
collectionofinformation,suchthatits
intentistobeuseful.
Knowledgeisadeterministicprocess.
When someone "memorizes"
information,thentheyhaveamassed
knowledge.

13. Forexample,elementaryschool
children memorize, or amass
knowledgeof,the"timestable".They
cantellyouthat"2x2=4“
Butwhenaskedwhatis"1267x300",
theycannotrespondcorrectlybecause
thatentryisnotintheirtable.

14. Understanding
Understandingisanprobabilistic
process.
Itismentalprocessofknowingand
analytical.
Itistheprocessbywhichwecantake
knowledge and synthesizenew
knowledgefromthepreviouslyheld
knowledge.

15. Wisdom
Wisdomisananalyticalandnon-
probabilisticprocess.
Itcallsuponallthepreviouslevelsof
awareness,andspecificallyupon
specialtypesofhumanprogramming.

16. Relation between Data, information,
knowledgeandunderstanding:
Data represents a factor statementof
event without relation to other things.
Ex: It is raining.

17. Information embodies the
understandingofarelationshipof
somesort,possiblycauseandeffect.
Ex:Thetemperaturedropped15
degreesandthenitstartedraining.

18. Knowledgerepresentsapatternthat
connectsandgenerallyprovidesahigh
levelofpredictabilityastowhatis
describedorwhatwillhappennext.
Ex:Ifthehumidityisveryhighand
thetemperaturedropssubstantially
theatmospheresisOftenunlikelytobe
abletoholdthemoisturesoitrains.

19. Wisdomembodiesmoreofanunderstandingof
fundamentalprinciplesembodiedwithinthe
knowledgethatareessentiallythebasisforthe
knowledgebeingwhatitis.Wisdom is
essentiallysystemic.
Ex:Itrainsbecauseitrains.Andthis
encompasses anunderstandingofallthe
interactionsthathappenbetweenraining,
evaporation, aircurrents,temperature
gradients,changes,andraining.

20. “Informationsystems(IS)isthestudyof
complementary networksofhardware
and software thatpeople and
organizationsusetocollect,filter,
process,create,anddistributedata

21. 1.2. Information need and benefits
1.Thevalueofinformationisdirectly
linkedtohowithelpsdecisionmakers
achievetheorganization’sgoalsdiscuss
whyitisimportanttostudyand
understandinformationsystems

22. 2.Distinguishdatafrominformation
anddescribethecharacteristicsusedto
evaluatethequalityofComputersand
informationsystemsareconstantly
makingitpossiblefororganizationsto
improvethewaytheyconductbusiness

23. 3.Name thecomponents ofan
informationsystemanddescribeseveral
system characteristicsKnowing the
potentialimpactofinformationsystems
andhavingtheabilitytoputthis
knowledgetoworkcanresultina
successfulpersonalcareer,organizations
thatreachtheirgoals,andasocietywitha
higherqualityoflife

24. 4.Listthecomponentsofacomputer-
basedinformationsystem

25. 5.Identifythebasictypesofbusiness
informationsystemsanddiscusswho
usesthem,howtheyareused,andwhat
kindsofbenefitstheydeliver

26. 6.Systemusers,businessmanagers,
andinformationsystemsprofessionals
mustworktogethertobuildasuccessful
informationsystem.

27. 7.Identifythemajorstepsofthe
systemsdevelopment processand
statethegoalofeachInformation
systemsmustbeappliedthoughtfully
andcarefullysothatsociety,business,
andindustrycanreaptheirbenefits.

28. 8.Todescribesomeofthethreatsto
securityandprivacythatinformation
systemsandtheInternetcanpose

29. 9.Todiscusstheexpandingroleand
benefitsofinformationsystemsin
businessandindustry

30. Characteristics of Valuable
Information
Accurate
Complete
Economical
Flexible
Reliable
Relevant
Simple
Timely
Verifiable
Accessible
Secure

31. 1.3. Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
Inputsareanythingthatyouputinto
asystem.Foracomputertheinput
canbefromtheuserviaakeyboardor
gamingcontroller,youcanalsoget
inputfromusbsticksorcd's
essentiallyanythingthatgoesinto
yourcomputerorsystem.

32. Theprocessiswhatthesystemdoes
withtheseinputs.Againwiththe
computerexampleittakesinwhatyou
pressonthekeyboardorjoystickto
saycontrollanactioninthegame.

33. Outputisanythingthatlikegoesout
ofthesystem.Forexampleyour
computermonitorisanoutputdevice
andsoarestufflikespeakers,printer
ausbstickcanalsobeanoutput
deviceifyouputsomethingonit
essentiallyanythingthatgoesoutof
thesystem.

34. In short,
Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw
data
Processing: converting or transforming data
into useful outputs
Output: production of useful information,
usually in the form of documents and reports
Feedback: output that is used to make
changes to input or processing activities

36. ManualandComputerized
InformationSystem
Manualinformationsystems,where
peopleusesimpletoolssuchaspencils
andpaper,orevenmachinessuchas
calculatorsandtypewriters.

37. Computer-basedinformationsystems
thatrelyonavarietyofcomputer
systemstoaccomplishtheirinformation
processingactivities.