INTRODUCTION OF INW Automation Engineer Applications

INTRODUCTION OF INW INTRODUCTION OF INW INTRODUCTION OF INW

1. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION ENGINEER TRAINING Industrial Network 1 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

2. Contents Introduction to Industrial Networking Data communication and Networking used in plants Serial Connections: RS232/RS422/RS485 Sensor and Control-level Networks Introduction to Network Equipment, Routing, Switching OSI Model Available Networks (Master/Slave, Client/Server and Producer/Consumer) Transmission media (Cables, Wireless) Types of Industrial Networks 2 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

3. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING 3 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

4. What is a Network? 4 A network consists of 2 or more computers connected together, and they can communicate and share resources (e.g. information) V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

5. Why Networking? Sharing information — i.e. data communication Do you prefer these? Or this? 5 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

6. Utility of Network A network provides a means of connecting multiple devices together for the purposes of exchanging information A common example of a network is an office where the computers are connected together using an Ethernet network for the purpose of sending emails or printing documents on a networked printer 6 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

7. Advantages of Network There are many reasons to use a network. Some examples are: – Data Acquisition from the Control System – Control devices in a remote location – Data Sharing Between PLC Controllers – To program devices from a remote location – To troubleshoot problems from a remote location – To integrate all production areas of a plant – To integrate manufacturing systems with business systems 7 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

8. Reasons of having many networks Different manufacturers – Designed for many devices transferring large data blocks – Designed to be inexpensive – Designed for maximum reliability – Designed to support many communication protocols ( languages) 8 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

9. How many kinds of Networks? Depending on one’s perspective, we can classify networks in different ways Based on transmission media : Wired (UTP, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables) and Wireless Based on network size : LAN, WAN, MAN, TAN, CAN. Based on management method : Peer-to-peer and Client/Server Based on topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring, Tree, Mesh Hybrid. 9 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

10. DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING USED IN PLANT 10 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

11. Data- Information that has been processed, organized and stored. Simple - two computers or a computer with a printer Complex - one or more main frame computers with a thousand remote terminals. Data communication-transmission, reception & processing of digital information . Network/ nodes/ stations- set of devices interconnected by media links Terminologies of Data communication 11 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

12. What is Data Communications? Exchange of digital information between two digital devices is data communication 12 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

13. Data Communication Circuit Simplified block diagram of data communication network 13 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

14. Data Transmission • Data Transmission means movement of the bits over a transmission medium connecting two devices. • Two types of Data Transmission are: 1. Parallel Transmission 2. Serial Transmission 14 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

15. Parallel Transmission In this all the bits of a byte are transmitted simultaneously on separate wires. Practically, if two devices are close to each other e.g. Computer to Printer, Communication within the Computer High speed but complex circuit 15 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

16. Serial Transmission • Bits are transmitted one after the other • Usually the Least Significant Bit (LSB) is transmitted first • Suitable for Transmission over Long distance Less speed but simple circuit 16 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

17. Baud Rate vs. Bit Rate Baud rate: number of total information bits transmitted per second (includes start, data, parity and stop bits) Bit rate: number of data bits only transmitted per second Therefore, Baud rate > Bit rate Note: in modems, multiple transmission voltage levels are used, so multiple bits are encoded with each signal, meaning bit rates can be greater than baud rates 17 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

18. Data Communication circuit arrangements Circuit Configuration: Two point configuration Multipoint configuration 18 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

19. Transmission Modes Simplex signals transmitted in one direction eg . Television Half duplex both stations transmit, but only one at a time eg . police radio Full duplex simultaneous transmissions eg . telephone 19 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

20. Network topologies It describes the layout or appearance of a network. A multi point topology connects 3 or more stations through a single transmission medium e.g. - star, bus, ring, mesh & hybrid 20 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

21. Bus topology Coaxial cable BNC T-Connector Simple and low-cost A single cable called a trunk ( backbone , segment ) 21 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

22. Star topology Each computer has a cable connected to a single point More cabling, hence higher cost All signals transmission through the hub; if down, entire network down 22 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

23. Ring topology Every computer serves as a repeater to boost signals. Disadvantages If one computer fails, whole network fails 23 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

24. Mesh topology Each and every node of the network is interconnected 24 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

25. Hybrid topology Combination of two or more topologies 25 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

26. Error control What is error? Types of error: Single bit error Burst error Methods : 1) error detection 2) error correction Error detection : redundancy parity checksum longitudinal and horizontal redundancy check Cyclic redundancy check(CRC) 26 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

27. Error Correction 1. Retransmission Resending of message when it is received incorrectly Often called as ARQ- Automatic Repeat reQuest for retransmission Positive and negative acknowledgment 2. Forward error correction(FEC) Only technique which detects and corrects errors at the receiver without the need for retransmission . e.g.- Hamming code 27 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

28. Hamming code Number of redundancy bits needed Let data bits = m Redundancy bits = n  Total message sent = m+r The value of n must satisfy the following relation: 2 n ≥ m+n+1 28 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

29. Examples of industrial Networks EtherNet /IP ControlNet DeviceNet DH+ Remote I/O Foundation Fieldbus Profibus DP Modbus AS- i 29 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

30. Serial connections: RS232/RS422/RS485/rj45 30 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

31. RS232 RS232 standard is an asynchronous serial communication method Communication between 2 devices The maximum baud rate defined for example is 38.4 kbps RS232 is the only interface capable of full duplex communication RS232 has a separate communication line for transmitting and receiving 31 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

32. A computer's serial COM port (DTE) is usually a male port as shown below, and any peripheral devices you connect to this port usually has a female connector (DCE). RS232 Pinout Below is the pinout of a typical standard male 9-pin RS232 connector, this connector type is also referred to as a DB9 connector. 32 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

33. RS232 Pinout Below is the pinout of a typical standard male 25-pin RS232 connector, this connector type is also referred to as a DB25 connector. DB9 to DB25 converting circuit 33 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

34. The RS-422 standard defines a balanced (or differential) data communications interface using two separate wires for each signal. Due to the high noise immunity of the RS-422 standard, high data speeds and long distances can be achieved. The RS-422 specification allows reliable serial data communications for 1. Distances of up to 1200 meters 2. Data rates of up to 10 Mbps 3. 0 to +5V nominal signal swing RS-422 uses two separate twisted pairs and can be half or full duplex. RS422 34 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

35. RS-485 interface has tri-state capability, so it can be used in multi-drop systems. RS-485 can be half or full duplex and has a 2- or 4-wire version. The 2-wire version uses a single twisted pair; the 4-wire version uses two twisted pairs. RS-485 systems usually consists of a Master and a Slave. Each Slave device has a unique address and will only respond to requests from the Master. The Slave never initiates communication. Tri-State Logic 0 Logic 1 High impedance (or disconnected) state RS485 35 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

36. RS422/485 pinout RS-485 and RS-422 are differential serial protocol. The pinout for RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 is shown below figure. 36 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

37. An Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45) port is a data port that is commonly used for an Ethernet or serial connection with an 8 position 8 conductor (8P8C) jack. The most common RJ-45 port uses four of the 8P8C wires for Ethernet communications. Pins 1 and 2 are the transmit pair, while pins 3 and 6 are the receive pair. RJ45 37 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

38. PC-to-PC Communication through Ethernet RJ45 RJ45 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 38 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

39. Sensor and Control-level Networks 39 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

40. Industrial Bus Hierarchy Enterprise Control Fieldbus Devicebus Sensorbus N N N N N N N N Fisher A data network, interconnecting an automation system is given by Low level network 40 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

41. Choosing an Industrial Network Application requirements Physical layer suitability Network capabilities Integration with existing equipment Speed and timing requirements Availability of components Cost Installation, device, training, maintenance CAN, DeviceNet, SDS, ASI-bus, Interbus-S Ethernet, ControlNet TCP - IP Ethernet Sensor Busses simple switches etc. Plant Network Office network Fieldbus intelligent field devices FF, PROFIBUS, MVB, LON 41 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

42. Introduction to Network Equipment & Routing ,Switching 42 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

43. There are many different devices for interconnecting networks Introduction 43 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

44. Repeater A device which amplifies a signal. A repeater boosts the incoming signal to a level that allows devices further down the network to understand it. There are two types Amplifying repeater: amplifies the signal, including noise, and retransmits it. Regenerating repeater: recreates the incoming signal and re-transmits it without noise (most common). It is used when the length of the network needs to be expanded or additional nodes added. Repeaters are commonly used on many networks 44 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

45. Gateway A gateway is a device that allows devices on completely different networks to communicate with each other without knowing anything about the other network. A gateway may covert physical media and protocols Gateways are commonly used to convert between all types of networks The gateway allows the computer on Ethernet to communicate with the PLC Desktop PC ControlLogix Gateway PLC-5 Ethernet ControlNet 45 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

46. Routers A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. 46 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

47. A device used for connecting two LANs operating under the same protocol Currently, the term bridge is loosely being used to describe different interconnecting devices Used now for connecting LANs operating under different protocols as well Bridge 47 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

48. Facilitate the movement of data packet from one network segment to another Not a sophisticated internetworking device Bridge does not perform the routing of information to different segments of a network Connects two network segments and not multiple network segments Purpose of a Bridge 48 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

49. Switch Definition and Purpose A switch is defined as a device that allows a LAN to be segmented The segments will operate under the same protocol Difference Between a Switch and a Bridge A switch focuses on segmenting a LAN A bridge is concerned with linking two network segments that operate under different protocols 49 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

50. OSI Model 50 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

51. OSI Layers Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is a set of internationally recognized, non-proprietary standards for networking and for operating system involved in networking functions. A ll P eople S eem T o N eed D ata P rocessing 51 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

52. Available networks (Master/Slave, Client/Server and producer/Consumer) 52 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

53. Master and slave Master/slave is a model for a communication protocol in which one device or process (known as the master ) controls one or more other devices or processes (known as slaves ). Once the master/slave relationship is established, the direction of control is always from the master to the slave(s). 53 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

54. Clients and Servers Network Clients ( Workstation ) Computers that request network resources or services Network Servers Computers that manage and provide network resources and services to clients Usually have more processing power, memory and hard disk space than clients Run Network Operating System that can manage not only data, but also users , groups , security , and applications on the network Servers often have a more stringent requirement on its performance and reliability 54 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

55. Advantages of client/server networks Facilitate resource sharing – centrally administrate and control Facilitate system backup and improve fault tolerance Enhance security – only administrator can have access to Server Support more users – difficult to achieve with peer-to-peer networks Disadvantages of client/server networks High cost for Servers Need expert to configure the network Introduce a single point of failure to the system Clients and Servers 55 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

56. Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-peer network is also called workgroup No hierarchy among computers  all are equal No administrator responsible for the network Peer-to-peer 56 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

57. Advantages of peer-to-peer networks: Low cost Simple to configure User has full accessibility of the computer Disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks: May have duplication in resources Difficult to uphold security policy Difficult to handle uneven loading Where peer-to-peer network is appropriate: 10 or less users No specialized services required Security is not an issue Only limited growth in the foreseeable future Peer-to-Peer Networks 57 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

58. Transmission Media 58 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

59. 59 Two main categories: Guided ― wires, cables Unguided ― wireless transmission, e.g. radio, microwave, infrared, sound, sonar We will concentrate on guided media here: Twisted-Pair cables: Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cables Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cables Coaxial cables Fiber-optic cables Transmission Media V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

60. If the pair of wires are not twisted, electromagnetic noises from, e.g., motors, will affect the closer wire more than the further one, thereby causing errors Twisted-Pair Cables 60 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

61. Typically wrapped inside a plastic cover (for mechanical protection) A sample UTP cable with 5 unshielded twisted pairs of wires Metal Insulator Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) 61 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

62. EIA classifies UTP cables according to the quality: Category 1 ― the lowest quality, only good for voice, mainly found in very old buildings, not recommended now. Categories of UTP Cables Category 6 ― more twists than Cat 5, up to 1 Gbps Category 2 ― good for voice and low data rates (up to 4Mbps for low-speed token ring networks) Category 3 ― at least 3 twists per foot, for up to 10 Mbps (common in phone networks in residential buildings) Category 4 ― up to 16 Mbps (mainly for token rings) Category 5 (or 5e) ― up to 100 Mbps (common for networks targeted for high-speed data communications) 62 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

63. STP cables are similar to UTP cables, except there is a metal foil or braided-metal-mesh cover that encases each pair of insulated wires Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) 63 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

64. In general, coaxial cables, or coax, carry signals of higher freq (100KHz–500MHz) than UTP cables Outer metallic wrapping serves both as a shield against noise and as the second conductor that completes the circuit Coaxial Cables 64 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

65. Light travels at 3 108 ms-1 in free space and is the fastest possible speed in the Universe Light slows down in denser media, e.g. glass Refraction occurs at interface, with light bending away from the normal when it enters a less dense medium Beyond the critical angle  total internal reflection Fiber-Optic Cables 65 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

66. Noise resistance ― external light is blocked by outer jacket Advantages and Disadvantages Less signal attenuation ― a signal can run for miles without regeneration (currently, the lowest measured loss is about ~4% or 0.16dB per km) Higher bandwidth ― currently, limits on data rates come from the signal generation/reception technology, not the fiber itself Cost ― Optical fibers are expensive Installation/maintenance ― any crack in the core will degrade the signal, and all connections must be perfectly aligned 66 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

67. Types of Industrial Network 67 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

68. Networks Networks are often referred using the following categories: Fieldbus Information Control Device Sensor 68 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

69. Introduction to Rockwell Automation Networks 69 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

70. Ethernet Ethernet was originally designed by Digital, Intel and Xerox (DIX) in the early 1970’s and has been designed as a broadcast system. The original format for Ethernet was developed in Xerox Palo Alto Research center (PARC), California in 1972. The two inventors were Robert Metcalf and David Boggs. Ethernet version 1.0 and 2.0 followed until the IEEE 802.3 committee re-jigged the Ethernet II packet to form the Ethernet 802.3 packet. Nowadays you will see either Ethernet II (DIX) format or Ethernet 802.3 format being used. The ‘Ether’ part of Ethernet denotes that the system is not meant to be restricted only to one medium type, copper cables, fiber cables and even radio waves can be used. Ethernet Network support TCP/IP Protocol 70 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

71. V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH 71 TCP/IP Addresses and Application

72. The following table shows the RJ45 pin outs for 10BaseT : RJ45 Pin Function Colour 1 Transmit White/Orange 2 Transmit Orange/White 3 Receive White/Green 4 Blue/White 5 White/Blue 6 Receive Green/White 7 White/Brown 8 Brown/White Ethernet 72 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

73. 10Base5 Traditionally , Ethernet is used over ‘thick’ coaxial cable called 10Base5 ( the 10 denotes 10 Mbps, base means that the signal is baseband i.e , takes the whole bandwidth of the cable, 5 denotes 500m maximum length ). The minimum length between stations is 2.5m. The cable is run in one long length forming a ‘Bus Topology’. The segments are terminated by 50 ohm resistor and the shield should be grounded at one end only. Ethernet 73 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

74. Ethernet 10Base2 Thin Ethernet (Thin net) uses RG-58 cable and is called 10Base2 (the 2 denotes 200 meter maximum length cable). Each station connects to the Thin net by way of Network Interface Card (NIC). At each station the Thin net terminates at a T-piece and at each end of the Thin net run a 50 ohm terminator is required to absorb stray signals thereby preventing signal bounce. 74 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

75. Ethernet 10BaseF 10BaseF standard developed by IEEE 802.3 committee defines the use of Fiber for Ethernet. 10BaseFB allows up to 2 Km per segment and is defined for Backbone application such as cascading repeaters. 10BaseFL describes the standards for the Fiber optic links between stations and repeaters allowing up to 2 Km per segment on multimode Fiber. 75 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

76. 10BaseT Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly important to use Ethernet across Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) or Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), this being called 10BaseT (the T denotes twisted pair). UTP is installed in star wire format and Ethernet Hubs with UTP ports (RJ45) centrally located. Also there should be no more than a 11.5db signal loss and the minimum distance between devices is 2.5 meters. The advantages of the UTP/STP technology are gained from the flexibility of the system, with respect to moves, changes, fault finding, reliability and security. Ethernet 76 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

77. ControlNet Open network managed by ControlNet International Use for real-time data transfer of time-critical and non-time-critical data between processors or I/O on same link Data transferred at a fixed rate of 5 million bits per second ControlNet basically a combination of Allen-Bradley’s Data Highway Plus and Remote I/O Up to 99 nodes No node 0 Actual number of nodes determined by how efficiently the network bandwidth is set up Network set up using RSNetworx for ControlNet software 77 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

78. ControlNet Node number Termination resistor Control Net Tap Trunk line Drop line Termination resistor PLC 5 as node 7 SLC 500 as node 8 Variable frequency drive as node 4 Computer Interface cards Operator interface ControlLogix PLCs 78 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

79. ControlNet taps Straight T Straight Y Right Angle Right Angle Y Drop line length is fixed at 1 meter (39.5 inches). 79 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

80. Contrologix ControlNet INterface 1756-CNB Channel A only 1756-CNBR Channel A and B for redundant media Module node address set with side switches Duplicate node addresses not allowed NAP for computer connectivity 80 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

81. FlexLogix ControlNet interface FlexLogix processor Two communication card slots Two ControlNet interface cards with redundancy NAP Set node address here 81 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

82. Redundancy in ControlNet Tap Trunk line PLC 5 node Personal computer with ControlNet interface Redundant cables Drop line ControlLogix 82 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

83. DeviceNet Open Network Open network Network devices (nodes) can be purchased from many different vendors Network managed by Open Device Net Vendors Association (ODVA) ODVA.ORG Device Net Advantage Save wiring costs Rather than run power wires separately to each device Rather than run signal wires from each field device separately back to PLC, I/O module connect devices directly to a network One cable with four wires 1. Two power wires 2. Two signal wires Many Device Net devices are intelligent. 83 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

84. DeviceNet Network Cable to open-style connector on network PLC scanner KwikLink cable Termination resistor RightSight photo sensor Insulation displacement connector CompactBlock I/O module ArmorBlock maximum 4 I/O points Power supply Termination resistor Open-style connection for power supply Prox switch and cable Stack light 84 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

85. KwikLink DeviceNet Connection KwikLink flat cable Insulation displacement connector 85 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

86. CompactLogix DeviceNet Scanner DeviceNet scanner Open-style cable connection CompactLogix processor CompactLogix is a member of the ControlLogix family. 86 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

87. “From the Internet to DeviceNet ” EtherNet/IP Information Discrete Device Automation and Control Process Device NetLinx Architecture Based on open networking standards Global multi-vendor support Utilizes the Producer/Consumer communication model Consistent set of services that are media independent Open connectivity throughout the manufacturing enterprise ControlNet DeviceNet 87 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

88. What is DF1 ? A serial protocol for RS-232 Typically point-to-point, two nodes (full duplex) Designed for A-B PLCs to communicate over modems 88 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH 38.4 Kbaud ----> 15 Mtrs .

89. DH+ ( Data Highway Plus) A messaging network for PLCs. Allows access to PLC data table info via read or write messages (PCCC) Protocol: a token passing Peer to Peer bus network. Number of Stations: 64 stations maximum 15 or less recommended. Cable System: Twin axial Baseband (Blue Hose) Provides online programming capability 57.6 Kbaud ----> 10,000 ft 115.2 Kbaud ----> 5,000 ft 230.4 Kbaud ----> 2,500 ft 89 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

90. DH-485 Industrial Local Area Network Overview DH-485 is a local area network (LAN) designed for factory-floor applications. DH-485 allows for connection up to 32 devices, including SLC 500 and MicroLogix 1000 controllers, color graphics systems, and personal computers. The DH-485 link together with auxiliary RS-232-C (DF1 protocol) links make up the DH-485 network . With RSLinx software installed on a PC, communication with other nodes on the network is possible .                                                                      90 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

91. An information network primarily designed for SLC500, 5/02, 5/03 A token passing Peer to Peer bus network up to 19.2 Kbaud Number of stations: 32 maximum / 15 or less recommended Often requires more hardware to support network connections ( ie . AIC Link Coupler) vs. DH+ Message passing network only, not deterministic. Supports a respond only mode for low level devices Remote programming support Based on RS-485 electrical signal specification DH-485 91 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

92. ALLEN-BRADLEY 1784-KTx / ISA 1784-PKTx / PCI 1784-PCMK SLC-5/03 Native 1785-KA5 Bridge DH+ 1770-KF3 or 1747-PIC COM port Messaging & Programming SLC Prog s/w RSLinx 1761-NET-AIC 1761-NET-AIC Serial Port 1747-AIC 1747-AIC 1747-AIC DH-485 92 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

93. Specifications Length -4000 ft max. Transmission rate 19.2 kbit/s max. Medium access method token passing DH-485 Industrial Local Area Network Overview 93 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

94. HART COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL Why HART protocol ? 4-20 ma is tried, tested and widely used standard but only limited amount of information is sent by a 4-20 ma signal. HART (Hiway Addressable Remote Transducer) protocol enhances these operations by transmitting digital data along with the 4-20 ma signal – without interfering with it ! HART permits two-way communications. It also has all digital mode that allows instrument to be connected to a single cable, cutting installation costs dramatically. Features : Field proven concept that is easy to understand and use. Compatible with existing 4-20 ma systems. Simultaneous point-to-point 4-20 ma and digital communication. Alternative multi-drop mode. Measured variables, tag no. , range and span settings, device information, diagnostics and simple messages transmitted. Digital response time of 500 msec; burst mode response of 300 msec. Open architecture; freely available to any vendor and every user. 94 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

95. How do the networks differ ? I/O Msg RIO DF1 DH+ DH-485 Eth/IP CNet DNet Technology Packet Size Nodes Worst Case 10,000ft 230k Master/Slave Polling Small 32 per scanner Determinism 50 ft 38.4k Serial / RS-232 Medium 2 10,000ft 230k Floating Master / Token Passing Medium 15 or less recom- mended 4,000ft 19.2k Floating Master / Token Passing Medium 15 or less recom- mended 250- 1000m 5M Medium Multiple Access / Time Slicing Open 500 m 500 k Multiple Access / bitwise arbitration Small 64 Nodes Open 100m 2 device segments twisted pair 10M 100M Multiple Access / collision detect Large 1024 twisted pair Open CIP CIP CIP Prog/config Max * Length Max * Speed * Can’t always get max length at the max speed ** ** DeviceNet is configuration only, no programming of controllers 99, 40 or less recom- mended 95 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

96. Field bus It is a standardized digital communication protocol between a process Control field devices and the Control room. It is a simple pair of wires to power and carry the communication signal between the field devices and the Control room. FEATURES : Drastic reduction in cable, conduits cable trays, marshallive racks, and connectors etc. Drastic reduction in installation cost. More reliability due to the smaller number of devices. More efficient operation due to better accuracy (no A/D and D/A conversion). Easy integration into plant management system. Flexibility for different suppliers are interoperable and interchangeable. Major reduction in maintenance cost. 96 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

97. Field Bus is a bi-directional digital communication that interconnects smart field devices to control system or to instrument located in the control room. Field Bus is based on the OSI (Open System Interconnect), which was developed by the ISO(International Standard Organization) to represent the various functions required in any Communication network. Layer Function 7 Application Provides formatted data 6 Presentation Converts data 5 Session Handles the dialogue 4 Transport Secures the transport connection 3 Network Establishes network connections 2 Link Establishes the data link connection 1 Physical Connects the equipment Field bus 97 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

98. 320 I/O BEFORE 98 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

99. AFTER 320 I/O 99 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

100. Before 100 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

101. After 101 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

102. Cabinet BEFORE AFTER 102 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

103. Field Junction BEFORE AFTER 103 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

104. Modbus protocol(1979) Intelligent devices like microcontrollers, PLCs etc. are able to communicate with Modbus Many intelligent sensors are equipped with Modbus interface to send their data to host systems On simple interfaces like RS485 or RS232, the Modbus messages are sent in plain form over the network. In this case the network is dedicated to Modbus. Although the main Modbus message structure is peer-to-peer, Modbus is able to function on both point-to-point and multidrop networks. 104 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

105. PROFIBUS-DP(1989) PROFIBUS-DP is the most widespread field bus system in Europe. The technical characteristics of PROFIBUS-DP allow operation in almost all areas of industrial automation. Notable features are, in addition to the simple installation (two-wire line), the extremely high transmission rate (up to 12 Mbit /s), the versatile network configurations (linear, star, ring) and optional redundancy with a fiber-optic double ring. PROFIBUS-DP is a master/slave bus system with which the master function is assumed by a programmable controller/system (master class 1) or a personal computer (master class 2). Master class 1, in which the automation functions (closed-loop and open-loop control) also take place, has full access to the field devices via cyclic and acyclic messages. Master class 2 can, if required, exchange data via acyclic messages with master class 1 (upload/download, master diagnostic read) and exchange data with the field devices (measured value read, slave diagnostic read, parameter write). 105 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

106. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Transmission system: RS 485 Topology: linear, star, ring Medium: two-wire twisted pair cable, fiber-optics option Number of stations: 126 max. (32 max. per segment) Number of segments: 10 max. Network size: 2,000 m max. (optical: 21,730 m max.) at 1.5 Mbit /s Transmission rate: 12 Mbit /s max. Redundancy: with optical link modules (OLMs) and fiber-optic double ring 106 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH

107. DIAGRAM OF PROFIBUS-PA(1995) V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH 107

108. V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH 108 DIAGRAM OF PROFIBUS-DP/PA

109. V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH 109 DIAGRAM OF REDUNDANCY

110. Any Queries? 110 V2-01/05/2015 BY LALITESH