Introduction of pesticides and Biopesticide

bio pesticide are certain type of pesticide derived from such natural material as animals, plants, bacteria and certain minerals

1. Presented by Priyanka Baghel Msc 4 th sem (Microbiology)

2. Content Introduction Characteristics Types of Bio-pesticide Microbial pesticide Biochemical pesticide Plant Incorporated protectants Production of Bio pesticide Advantages Disadvantages

3. Introduction of pesticide Pesticide are chemical substances that are meant to kill pests In general a pesticides is a chemical or a biological agent such as a virus , bacterium , anti microbial

4. Type of pesticide These are grouped according to the types of pests which they kill Insecticide – insects Herbicide – plants Rodenticide – rodent (rate & mice) Bactericide – bacteria Fungicide – fungi Larvicides - larvae

5. Benefits of pesticides Protecting crops from insects and other pests Controlling pests and plant disease vector Controlling organisms that harm other human activities and structures

6. Effect of pesticide Any harmful effects that occur from small doses repeated over a period of time are termed “chronic effects “ Suspected chronic effects from exposure to certain pesticides include-: Birth defects Toxicity to a fetus Genetic changes Blood disorders Nerve disorders

7. Function of pesticide Protect plant or plant products against pests/disease before or after harvest Influence the life processes of plants Preserve plant products Destroy or prevent growth of undesired plants or parts of plants

8. Bio-pesticide

9. Introduction Bio pesticide are certain type pesticides derived from such natural material Ie- plants , animals , microbes or any other biologically available source Plant protection agents Control pets by non toxic mechanisms

10. Characteristics They have a narrow target range and highly specific mode of action They are slow acting They suppress pest populations They are often used as part of integrated pest management program (IPM) They are generally safer to humans and the environment than conventional pesticides

11. Types Microbial pesticide Bio chemical pesticide Plant incorporated protectants Microbial Pesticide- it consist’s of a microorganisms such as , bacterium fungus , virus & protozoan etc as the active ingredients it can control many different kinds of pets although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for it’s target pest Ie- Bacillus Thuringiensis

12. Bacillus Thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is a soil borne bacteria BT was first discovered in 1901 by a japanese scientist investigating the decline in silkworm moth populations which he attributed to the rode shaped , gram-positive bacterium Has been used since the 1950s for natural insect control It consists of a spore which gives it persistence and a protein crystal within the spore which is toxic

13. that toxic protein differs depending on the subspecies it makes proteins that are toxic to some insect when eaten , but not others BT action is very specific Different strain of BT are specific to different receptors in insect gut wall Bt toxicity depends on recognising receptors damage to the gut by the toxic occurs upon binding to a receptor each insect species possess different types of receptors that will match only certain toxin proteins like a lock to key

14. How Does BT Work Insect eats Bt crystals and spore’s The toxin binds to specific receptors in the gut and the insects stops eating The crystals cause the gut wall to break down allowing spore’s and normal gut bacteria to enter the body The insect dies as spore’s and gut bacteria proliferation in the body

15. Bio chemical pesticides Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides by contrast are generally synthetic material that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Eg- neem oil extract

16. Plant incorporated protectants Pips are pesticidal substance that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For ex- The gene from the BT pesticidal protein and introduce the gene into the plants own genetic material. Then the plant instead of the bacterium manufactures the substance that destroys the peats.

17. Production of bio pesticide

18. Raw Material-: May be Organic or inorganic compound Different raw material for different pesticide Reactor System-: Chemical process takes place in the presence of chemicals such ass Oxidation nitration condensation etc Fractioning system-: Separation process in which certain quantity of a mixture (solid , liquid , solute suspension or isotopes) is divide up in a number of fractions in which composition change

19. Dryer-: Removal of water or other solvent by evaporation from solid , semi- solid or liquid Final production steps before selling or packaging products Scrubber -: To remove priority pollutants from pesticide using scrubbing liquor Waste water go to treatment plant Packaging -: packed in dry and clean containers eg- drums type depend on type of pesticide Capacity is 10, 25,50 ,100 ,200 lits .

20. Advantage of Bio-pesticide These are usually less toxic than conventional pesticide It affects only the target pests and closely related organisms No harmful residue Environmental friendly Cost effective Improve food quality

21. Disadvantage of Bio-pesticide Bio-pesticide are high specific in action that it requires an exact identification of the pest Slow speed of action that is unsuitable in an immediate treatment of crops Difficult in culturing in a large quantity

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