Introduction of yoga and its Philosophy.pptx

1. Introduction to yoga:- The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj” meaning to bind, join, attach, to direct and concentrate one's attention on, to use and apply. It also means union. It is the true union of our will with the will of God.
The system of yoga is so called because it teaches the means by which the j1vatma can be united to, or be in union with the Paramatma, and so secure liberation (moksha).
Yoga has also been described as wisdom in work or skill full living amongst activities, harmony and moderation.
The term “yoga” in the western world often denotes a modern form of Hatha yoga and a posture based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique, consisting largely of asanas.
Yoga is particularly classified into 4 periods of innovation, practice and development:-
a)Pre – classical period.
b)Classical period.
c)Post – classical period.
d)Modern period.
According to classical and modern period, yoga are divided into 12 types:-
1.Hatha yoga. 2.Sivananda Yoga.
3.Vinyasa yoga. 4.Viniyoga.
5.Ashtanga yoga. 6.Kundalini Yoga.
7.Power yoga. 8.Yin Yoga.
9.Bikram Yoga.
10.Jivamukti Yoga.
11.Iyengar yoga.
12.Anusara Yoga.

1. Introduction to yoga and its philosophy Dr. Prashant Kaushik BPT, MPT(Sports), PhD Scholar MIAP, CCSDN,CKT Assistant Professor KINPMS

2. Contents: - Introduction to yoga. Classification of Yoga. Types of yoga. Stages of Yoga. 8 Limbed System of Yoga. Philosophy of Yoga.

3. 1. Introduction to yoga:- The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj” meaning to bind, join, attach, to direct and concentrate one's attention on, to use and apply. It also means union. It is the true union of our will with the will of God. The system of yoga is so called because it teaches the means by which the j1vatma can be united to, or be in union with the Paramatma, and so secure liberation (moksha). Yoga has also been described as wisdom in work or skill full living amongst activities, harmony and moderation. The term “yoga” in the western world often denotes a modern form of Hatha yoga and a posture based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique, consisting largely of asanas.

4. 2. Classification of yoga:- Yoga is particularly classified into 4 periods of innovation, practice and development:- Pre – classical period. Classical period. Post – classical period. Modern period.

5. ( i ) Pre – classical period:- The beginning of yoga were developed by the Indus – Sarasvati civilization in Northern India more than 5000 year back. The word yoga was initially mentioned in the old scared texts, The Rig Vedas. The Vedas were a collection of writings containing songs, mantras, and rituals to be utilized by Brahmans, the Vedic priests. Yoga was gradually refined and enhanced by brahmans and rishis who achieved their practices and convictions in Upanishads, an immense work containing more than 200 scared scripture. The Upanishads took the idea of ritual sacrifice from the Vedas and internalized it, teaching the sacrifice of ego through self knowledge, action, and wisdom.

6. (ii) Classical period:- In this era, Yoga was a combination of various ideas, belief and techniques that contradicted and conflict with each other. The classical period of yoga is defined by Patanjali’s yoga sutras . Patanjali organized the practice yoga into an “eight limbed path” containing steps and stages towards obtaining Samadhi and enlightment.

7. (Iii) Post – classical period:- A few centuries after, Patanjali yoga masters created a system of practices designed to restore the body and prolong life. They dismissed the lessons of old Vedas and held onto the physical body as the way to achieve enlightenment. They created Tantra Yoga , with radical methods to purify the body and mind to break the knots that binds us to our physical existence.

8. (iv) Modern period:- In this era of yoga, masters began to travel to the west in late 1800s and early 1900s. This began at the 1893 Parliament of religions in Chicago, when Swami Vivekananda impressed the attendees with his lectures on yoga and the university of the world’s religion. In 1920s and 30s, Hatha yoga was strongly promoted in India with the work of T.Krishnamacharya, Swami Sivananda and other yogi practicing Hatha yoga.

9. 3. Types of Yoga:- According to classical and modern period, yoga are divided into 12 types:- Hatha yoga. (9) Sivananda Yoga. Vinyasa yoga. (10) Viniyoga. Ashtanga yoga. (11) Kundalini Yoga. Power yoga. (12) Yin Yoga. Bikram Yoga. Jivamukti Yoga. Iyengar yoga. Anusara Yoga.

10. (a) Hatha Yoga:- This is one of the oldest form of yoga which includes the practice of asanas (posture) and pranayama (breathing exercise) which brings peace to mind and body, and helps prepare the body for deeper spiritual practices such as meditation.

11. (b) Vinyasa Yoga:- An active and athletic style of yoga adapted from the traditional ashtanga system in the late 1980s. It essentially means movement synchronized with breath and is a vigorous style based on the rapid flow through sun salutation. It also refers to the continuous flow from one posture to another.

12. (C) Ashtanga yoga:- It is a system of yoga that was brought to modern world by Sri K. Pattabi Jois. This form of yoga includes six series and each series is a set sequences of asanas, always in the same order. It is typically fast placed, vigorous and physically challenging.

13. (d) Power yoga:- It is described as vigorous, vinyasa yoga. Power yoga’s popularity has spread across the globe and is now taught everywhere. Because the style can vary, it is recommended that you consult the individual instructor before performing it.

14. (e) Bikram yoga:- It consists of 26 postures and 2 breathing techniques. This style of yoga helps flush toxins manage weight and allow performers to move deeply into postures.

15. (F) Jivamukti yoga:- This type of yoga is created in 1894. Chanting, meditation, readings and assurance are done in this style of yoga.

16. (g) Iyengar yoga:- Poses are held much longer in this form of yoga in an effort to pay closer attention to precise musculoskeletal alignment within each asanas. Another trademark of Iyengar yoga is the use of props, such as Blocks, Belts, Chairs and Blankets, which is used to accommodate injuries tightness or structural imbalances as well as teach students how to move properly into a posture.

17. (h) Anusara yoga:- The Anusara style is a new system of Hatha that teaches a set of universal principle of alignment that underlie all yoga posture, while encouraging flowing with grace and following your heart. It is broadly categorized into three parts known as Three A’s and they include Attitude, Alignment and Action.

18. ( i ) Sivananda yoga:- It is typically begin with Savasana, Kapal Bharti and Anuloma Viloma, followed by a few round of Surya namaskar. Then it move through Sivananda’s twelve asanas, which together are designed to Increase strength and flexibility of spine. Chanting and meditation can also be a part of it.

19. (j) Viniyoga:- It refers to an approach to yoga that adapts the various means and methods of practice to the unique condition, need and interest of the individual. This style of yoga helps in self discipline and personal transformation.

20. (K) Kundalini yoga:- Kundalini incorporates multiple movement or exercise, dynamic breathing practices, chanting, meditation and mantras. Each specific kundalini exercise referred to as a kriya, is a movement that is often repeated and is synchronized with the breath. The practice is designed to awaken the energy at the base of the spine in order to draw it upward through each of the seven chakras.

21. (l) Yin yoga:- It is slow placed style in which poses are held for five minutes or longer. Even through it is passive, yin yoga can be quite challenging due to long duration holds, particularly if your body is not used to it. The purpose is to apply moderate stress to the connective tissue, the tendons, fascia and ligaments with the aim of increasing circulation in the joints and improving flexibility.

22. 4. Stages of yoga:-

23. 5. 8 limbed system of yoga (Ashtanga) The eight limb system form sequences from the outer to the inner. The posture, asana, must be steady and comfortable for a long time, in order for the Yogi to practice the limbs from pranayama until samadhi. Patanjali’s classification of classical yoga, as set out in his Yoga Sutra’s. Patanjali defined 8 limbed as:- Yama's. (vi) Dharana. Niyama. (vii) Dhyana. Asana. (viii) Samadhi. Pranayama. Pratyahara.

24. ( i ) Yama’s:- It is the ethical rule in Hinduism and can be thought of as moral imperatives. The five Yama’s listed by Patanjali in yoga sutra:- Ahimsa:- Non – violence. Satya:- Truthfulness. Asteya:- Non – stealing. Brahmacharya. Aparigraha:- Non – possessiveness.

25. (ii) Niyama’s:- It is the second components of Patanjali’s yoga path, which includes virtuous habits and observances. Some of the Niyama are:- Shaucha:- Clearness of mind. Santosha:- Optimism for self. Tapas:- Self discipline. Savdhyaya:- Study of self. Ishvarapranidhana.

26. (iii) Asana:- It is a posture that can be hold for a period of time, staying relaxed, steady, comfortable and motionless. Over a thousand year asanas was taught by Shiva, stating four of these as most important:- Siddhasana (accomplished). Padmasana (lotus). Simhasana (lion). Bhadrasana (glorious). In modern yoga, asanas are prominent and numerous, unlike in any earlier form of yoga.

27. (iv) pranayama:- Pranayama is the control of the breath. It is the practice of consciously regulating the breath (inhalation, the full pause, exhalation and the empty pause).

28. (v) pratyahara:- Prati – Against. Ahara – Bring near. It is the process of retracting the sensory experiences from external objects. It empowers one to stop being controlled by the external world, fetch one’s attention to seek self – knowledge and experience the freedom innate in ones’s inner world.

29. (vi) Dharana:- Means concentration, introspective focus and one – pointedness of mind. Dharana as the 6 th limb of yoga, is holding one’s mind onto a particular inner state, subject or topic of one’s mind.

30. (vii) dhyana:- It means reflection, abstract meditation. Dhyana is integrally related to dharana, one leads to other. It is the process of mind which is distinct from dharana in that the mediator becomes actively engaged with its focus.

31. (viii) Samadhi:- It means “ putting together, joining, combining with, union, harmonious whole, trance ”. When meditating on an object, only the object of awareness is present, and the awareness that one is meditating disappears. Samadhi is of two kinds:- Samprajnata Samadhi:- with support of an object of meditation. Asamprajnata Samadhi:- without support of an object of meditation.

32. (6) Philosophy of yoga:- Main philosophy of yoga is simple: mind, body and spirit are all one and cannot be clearly separated. Yoga philosophy is similar to Buddhism, believe that spiritual ignorance creates suffering and binds us to wheel of samsara. The central philosophical teaching of yoga resolve around the practice of mental discernment, detachment, spiritual knowledge and self awareness. The Law of Karma is central to philosophy of yoga. Karma is the glue that attach us to wheel of samsara, which extension our suffering and delusion of maya. Yoga philosophy also incorporates the concepts of the subtle body and spiritual energies of prana and kundalini moving through the nandis and chakras. Hatha yoga is especially steeped in the concepts of this energy anatomy.