INTRODUCTION TO 21ST CENTURY LITERACIES1

Globalization is a multifaceted process characterized by the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through economic, social, technological, and cultural exchanges. It has accelerated since the late 20th century, driven by advancements in communication and transportation technologies, trade liberalization, and the expansion of multinational corporations. Scholars argue that globalization has led to significant economic growth and development, particularly in emerging markets, while also contributing to the spread of ideas, cultures, and innovations across borders. However, critics point out that globalization exacerbates income inequality, threatens local cultures, and contributes to environmental degradation. The literature also explores the complex dynamics of globalization's impact on governance, with nation-states adjusting their policies to remain competitive in a globalized world while managing the challenges of global interconnectivity.
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Bio in TikTok sample about gaming, music, future educator

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Here's a sample TikTok bio that combines gaming, music, and your future educator aspirations:

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Give me a 1 paragraph literature review on globalization

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Globalization is a multifaceted process characterized by the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through economic, social, technological, and cultural exchanges. It has accelerated since the late 20th century, driven by advancements in communication and transportation technologies, trade liberalization, and the expansion of multinational corporations. Scholars argue that globalization has led to significant economic growth and development, particularly in emerging markets, while also contributing to the spread of ideas, cultures, and innovations across borders. However, critics point out that globalization exacerbates income inequality, threatens local cultures, and contributes to environmental degradation. The literature also explores the complex dynamics of globalization's impact on governance, with nation-states adjusting their policies to remain competitive in a globalized world while managing the challenges of global interconnectivity.





In the expanding body of literature on globalization, various dimensions are critically examined, from its economic impacts to its social and cultural ramifications. Economically, globalization has been linked to the liberalization of markets, leading to increased foreign direct investment (FDI), the expansion of global trade networks, and the rise of transnational corporations that influence local economies. While proponents argue that globalization fosters economic growth, innovation,

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO 21 ST CENTURY LITERACIES

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, you should be able to develop a clear and practical understanding of the following: d efinitions of conventional literacy; and Expanded views of literacy in the 21 st century.

3. WHAT IS LITERACY?

4. Literacy is defined by dictionaries as the state of being able to read and write (Literacy, Literate)

5. TRADITIONAL OR CONVENTIONAL LITERACY The word “literacy” stems from the word “literate”, which first appeared in the 15 th century and is in turn derived from the L atin word litteratus , meaning “(a person) marked with letters”-that is, “distinguished or identified by letters-and it carried with it the idea that such a person was cultured and educated.

6. THREE SUB-CATEGORIES ( CONVENTIONAL CONCEPT OF LITERACY)-MILLER (1973) BASIC LITERACY COMPREHENSION LITERACY FUNCTIONAL OR PRACTICAL LITERACY

7. BASIC LITERACY It is the ability to correspond visual shapes to spoken sounds in order to decode written materials and translate them into oral language. Simply put, it is the ability to recognize letters and words. This would be akin to recognizing that the sequence of letters “b-a-s-a” forms the word basa in Filipino, even without understanding what it means .

8. COMPREHENSION LITERACY It is the ability to understand the meaning of what id being read. To capitalize on the example above, this would be like knowing that basa can mean either “to read” or “to be wet”.

9. FUNCTIONAL OR PRACTICAL LITERACY It is the ability to read (i.e., decode and comprehend) written materials needed o perform everyday vocational tasks. This equivalent of reading the text “ Ang bata ay nagbabasa .” and being able to understand that basa here refers to reading and not being wet.

10. Based on this conventional view of literacy, we notice two things for reading (and therefore literacy) to exist: A text (consisting of symbols and grammar) to be read; A meaning or message being communicated by the text for the reader to extract. Without a text, there would be nothing to read; without meaning. The text is reduced to series of incomprehensible doodles.

11. EXPANDED VIEWS OF LITERACY Despite the popularity of American films in the Philippines, many Filipinos cannot follow the actors’ dialogue, and thus resort to guessing the overall story based on the actions onscreen.

12. In 2004, UNESCO formally defined literacy as “ the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society.”

13. I n this vein, Mkandawire (2018) more succinctly posits that literacy is “a form of knowledge, competence, and skills in a particular field or area,” being supported by UNESCO (2006), Barton (2007), and Mkandawire , Simooya-Mudeenda , & Cheelo (2017), which acknowledged that-as we have just pointed out-modern views appear to equate literacy with knowledge.

14. This shift in the definition of literacy from “reading and writing” to “knowledge” is especially important as we explore the “new” literacies of 21 st century that seem far-removed from the contexts upon which conventional literacy is based.

15. LITERACY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY “new” literacies arose from the increasing availability of communication technologies that were once un available to the average individual. Technologies like blogging and vlogging , social networking, and even text-messaging change and expand both the extent and the form of our communication-blending text, sound, and images in ways unforeseen and unprecedented (Richardson, 2014).

16. Simply put, three things have been critical in the rise of the new literacies: Increased Reach- We are communicating with more people, from more diverse cultures, across vaster distances than ever before. Increased Means of Communications- We are communicating in more ways and at faster speeds than ever before. Increased Breadth of Content- We are communicating about more things than ever before.

17. GLOBALIZATION AND MULTICULTURAL LITERACY discusses how our increasingly ability to communicate with almost anyone, anywhere, in real time requires new skills and attitudes in interacting with people with cultures, perspectives, worldviews, and priorities different from our own, particularly with the end-view of not only peace and understanding, but also m utual benefit and productivity.

18. SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL LITERACIES m eanwhile explores the need for the ability to navigate our own social networks-of both the online and off-line variety-to not only communicate clearly, but also to leverage resources which we ourselves might not posses. At the same time, the chapter addresses the notorious problem of short-sightedness in Filipino culture regarding personal finances and how this must be addressed at an increasingly earlier age to help mitigate the ever-widening gap between the rich and poor.

19. MEDIA AND CYBER/DIGITAL LITERACIES explore the emerging need to locate, verify, and ultimately manage online information, especially in an age where information is power and where having the right(and wrong) information and the ability to communicate it with others and use it to address real-world problems easily spell the difference between both personal and career success and failure.

20. ECOLITERACY AND ARTISTIC AND CREATIVE LITERACY e xplore the emerging demands for knowing how to effectively and sustainably manage the natural resources that our increased industrialization and demands for productivity are so rapidly eating up. The chapter also explores how this increase in productivity also brings with it an increased demand for arts and aesthetics and the need to develop ways of effectively communicating through the creative arts in industries dominated by objective data.

21. CRITICAL LITERACY addresses the increasing need to discern the underlying (and often tacit) messages behind the new “texts” of the 21 st century, particularly in an ever-increasingly multicultural society where ideas, cultures, and ideologies vie with one another for power and dominance in the mind of the masses.