Introduction to anatomy for UG (1).pptx

Introduction to anatomy

1. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

2. Subjects of 1 st Year Padarta Vignyana - I & II Theory-200 marks Sanskrit – I Theory -100 marks Shareera Kriya - I & II Theory -200 marks Practical- 100 written + 50 oral Shareera Rachana – I & II Theory – 200 marks Practical- 100 written + 50 oral Maulika Siddanta - I Theory -100 marks oral - 50

3. Two branches of sciences provide foundation of body’s parts & function ANATOMY PHYSILOGY

4. ANATOMY Etymology: A Greek word ana  = up or apart,  tome  = a cutting. Definition: Anatomy is the science of body structures & relationship among them. The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.

5. Anatomy  is the branch of biology  concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. It was first studied by Dissection. Dis = apart, Section= act of cutting Defn : Dissection is careful cutting apart of body structure to study their relationship. Today a variety of imaging techniques also contribute to the advancement of anatomical knowledge.

6. Subdivisions Gross Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy Developmental Anatomy Specialized branches of Anatomy

7. 1. GROSS ANATOMY Structures that can be examined without using a microscope. Regional A : Deals wt specific regions of body, head, chest etc Systemic A : structures of specific system of body like nervous, respiratory etc Surface A : Study of internal structures as they are related to overlying skin.

8. 2. Microscopic Anatomy Cytology : Study of cell Histology : Study of tissue

9. 3. Developmental Anatomy Embryology : Study of an individual from the time of conception to birth.

10. 4. Specialized branches of anatomy Pathological A : deals wt structural changes associated wt diseases. Radiographic A : study of internal structure wt the help of X-ray. Molecular biology : study of anatomical structures at sub cellular level.

11. Level of structural organization Human body will extends from elements & molecules to whole person. From smallest to largest – 6 levels of organization Chemical level of organization. Cellular level of organization. Tissue level of organization. Organ level of organization. System level of organization. Organismal level of organization .

12. Chemical level of organization. Includes – atoms & molecules Atoms: Smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reaction. Ex: C, H, O, P, Ca, S etc Molecule: Two or more atoms joined together. Two familiar molecule found in body- DNA & Glucose.

13. Cellular level of organization. Molecules combines to form cell- a basic structural & functional unit of an organism or smallest living unit. Ex: Muscle cell, Nerve cell, epithelial cell etc

14. Tissue level of organization Groups of cells & the material surrounding them, work together to perform a particular function 4 basic types of tissues Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

15. Organ level of organization. Tissues are joined together to form organ. Organs are structure that composed of two or more different types of tissues. Specific function & recognizable shape. Ex: Skin, bone, stomach, liver etc. Stomach is made of - serous, muscular, epithelial

16. System level of organization Constitute related organs wt common function. Digestive system break down & absorb food. It includes organs such as the mouth, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

17. Organismal level of organization . Largest organizational level, All the parts of human body functioning together constitute the total organism .