Introduction to Animal Science. Introduction to Animal Sciencepptx

Introduction to Animal Science lecture

1. Introduction to ANIMAL SCIENCE Objectives: List 5 functions of domestic animals Describe and define what considers an animal to be domesticated Define common terminology used in animal science Categorize & distinguish animals by breeds, species, and types List major types & uses of each species of livestock List & describe benefits of animal agriculture

2. Animal Science The PROCESS through which LIVESTOCK ANIMALS are STUDIED and UNDERSTOOD .

3. THE ANIMAL INDUSTRY Animal Industry – activities in producing animals and their products or benefits. Areas: Animal Production – producing animals for food. Animal Supplies – providing inputs needed to produce animals. Animal Services – the technical and professional assistance needed with animals.

4. THE ANIMAL INDUSTRY (CONTINUED) More Areas Animal marketing – activities that link the producer with the consumer. Animal products – preparing animals or their products for consumption.

5. Animal Science Involves BREEDING , feeding, care and MANAGEMENT of animals; MARKETING and PROCESSING of animals and their PRODUCTS based on knowledge gained through practical EXPERIENCE and RESEARCH .

6. History of the Animal Science Industry

7. Early Domestication Humans began domesticating animals more than 10,000 years ago beginning with dogs. Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) were the first food animals to be domesticated followed by pigs, possibly to dispose of table scraps and waste products. Horses and cattle were domesticated primarily for transportation and draft work purposes. Early people found animals that form large herds or flocks and eat a wide variety of feeds are easier to domesticate.

8. Early Domestication Domestication involves more than simply taming. Animals are considered to be domesticated when: they are kept for a distinct purpose humans control their breeding their survival depends on humans they develop traits that are not found in the wild

9. Domestication Domestication allowed humans to Contain animals with the right temperament Have a steady food supply Use animals for companionship, religious purposes and draft work In return, the animals received protection and a constant food supply. Selective breeding occurred as humans got rid of animals with undesirable traits, not allowing them to reproduce.

10. Which of these animals was domesticated first? List them in the order you think they were domesticated on your notes page. Cattle? Horses? Goats? Chickens? Pigs? Turkeys? Sheep? What’s your guess?

11. Sheep: Domesticated 11,000-15,000 years ago Domesticated in the mountains of Southeast Europe and Central/Southwest Asia. These areas include the countries of: Favorable because of their wool and meat for which they are still used and bred today. Because of selective breeding for traits and other results of domestication, sheep are the only species of livestock that would be unable to return to the wild.

12. Cattle: Domesticated 10,000-15,000 years ago Domesticated near the boundary of Europe and Asia and/or Southwest Asia This area includes the countries of: Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Syria, Moldavia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq In the beginning, cattle were used mainly for meat, milk and labor but eventually were replaced by horses in most of the draft work.

13. Horses: Domesticated approx. 5,000 years ago Horses were domesticated in Eastern Europe and Western Asia. This area includes the countries of Mongolia and Siberia. Originally, horses were used for meat and milk, but eventually became useful as pack and draft animals.

14. Pigs: Domesticated 5,000 - 9,000 years ago Pigs were first domesticated in the Middle East (Mesopotamia) in countries such as Syria, Iraq and Turkey and then spread across Asia, Europe and Africa. Pigs were utilized more in settled farming communities than in nomadic groups because they are difficult to move for long distances.

15. Animal Domestication Goats The goat was among the earliest animals to be domesticated, around 6000 - 7000 B.C. in Western Asia. The goat could easily revert to its wild state. Chickens Chickens were known in China more than 3,400 years ago and also in Southeast Asia (China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Burma) Turkeys The turkey is the only North American domestic animal and was domesticated in middle North America.

16. Why do we CHOOSE to have animals?

17. Functions of domestic animals: 1-Food Meat Eggs Milk Honey

18. Wool Leather Hair/Fur Feathers Functions of domestic animals: 2- Clothing

19. Horses, Mules, Donkeys, Llamas, Alpacas Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak, camels Functions of domestic animals: 3-Power

20. Pleasure Horses Purebred Herds and Flocks Livestock Exhibitions, Shows, Horse Racing Functions of domestic animals: 4- Recreation & Companionship

21. Guide dogs for blind Police Dogs Rescue Dogs Therapy animals Functions of domestic animals: 5- Service

22. What is a domesticated animal?

23. 1. The animal is VALUED and has a PURPOSE 2. The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control. 3. The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans. 4. The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication. 5. STRUCTURAL characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild. Requirements for animals to be “domesticated”