Introduction-to-Antimicrobial-Resistance (1).pdf

About increasing antimicrobial resistance day by day

1. Introduction to
Antimicrobial
Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health threat, impacting
patient outcomes and healthcare systems worldwide.
by Muzammil zafar

2. Increased Morbidity and Mortality
1
Resistant
Infections
Lead to longer hospital
stays and higher risk of
complications and death
2
Limited Treatment
Options
Fewer effective
antimicrobials available
to fight resistant
infections
3
Vulnerable
Populations
Elderly,
immunocompromised,
and critically ill at
greatest risk

3. Prolonged Illnesses
1
Delayed Recovery
Resistant infections take longer to respond to treatment
2
Increased Complications
Risk of developing secondary infections or organ damage
3
Psychological Impact
Prolonged illness can cause stress, anxiety, and depression

4. Impact on Healthcare
Costs
Longer hospital stays, additional treatments, and complications drive up
direct expenses.
Lost productivity, caregiver burden, and societal impact contribute to
the indirect economic burden.
Overburdened hospitals and limited resources strain healthcare
systems and limit access to care.

5. Limited Treatment Options
Fewer New Antibiotics
Declining investment and development of
new antimicrobial drugs
Antibiotic Overuse
Widespread misuse and overuse fuels rise of
resistance
Regulatory Challenges
Complex approval processes and high
development costs hinder innovation
Disease Spread
Resistant pathogens can rapidly spread
within and between communities

6. Challenges in Developing New
Antimicrobials
High Costs
Expensive and time-
consuming
development process
discourages
investment
Long Timelines
It can take over a
decade to bring a new
antimicrobial to
market
Scientific
Complexity
Overcoming technical
hurdles to discover
and test new
compounds
Regulatory
Hurdles
Stringent approval
processes and safety
requirements add to
delays

7. Increased Risk of Complications
1
Surgical Site Infections
Resistant bacteria can cause
difficult-to-treat post-operative
complications
2
Organ Damage
Untreatable infections can lead to
organ failure and sepsis
3
Impaired Immunity
Resistant infections weaken the body's ability to fight disease

8. Increased Risk of
Infectious Disease
Outbreaks
1
Rapid Transmission
Resistant pathogens can spread more easily between
individuals
2
Limited Containment
Fewer effective treatments available to control outbreaks
3
Strain on Health Systems
Overburdened hospitals struggle to manage influx of
cases

9. Conclusion and Call to Action
1
Awareness
Educate the public and
policymakers about the
severity of AMR
2
Surveillance
Improve global monitoring
and data collection on
resistance trends
3
Innovation
Incentivize and support the
development of new
antimicrobial therapies

10. Thank you