Introduction to architecture presentation

a short introduction to architecture, covering all the basics needed to get started on architecture. includes pictures for visual education

1. INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE Yolisha Moorvan

2. INDEX Slides 3-4 : Definition of Architecture Slides 5-6 : History of Architecture Slides 7-8 : The Ziggurat & The Pyramids Slides 9-10 : The Importance of Architecture Slides 12-15 : The Fundamentals of Architecture Slide 16-24 : Architectural Design Slide 25 : References

3. Definition : What is Architecture? Architecture is defined to be the “Art and Science” that goes behind the design of building structures. The process of Architecture entails a combination of planning, designing and construction of the product. The design activity itself is essential as it focuses from the exterior construction to the interior final details.

4. ARCHITECTURE noun /ˈ ɑrkəˌtɛktʃər / The word “Architecture” originates from the greek culture. It has been derived from the word “ Arkhitekton ” which means “Master Builder” in simple terms.

5. History of Architecture Architecture has been around for many years. I believe it has been around for as long as human life has existed. Architecture has played a vital role in the development of history. Architecture is said to have existed exactly 10 000 BC ( Neolithic Period ). It was during this transitive period where people decided to rather build their own houses than live in caves.

6. History of Architecture : The Ziggurat and the Pyramids The Ziggurat chronologically marks the history of architecture; thus it is one of the most symbolic structures. The Ziggurat was built for ritual purposes in ancient Mesopotamia and Iraq. The structure itself is massive and resembles the structure of a pyramid. 

7. The Ziggurat One of the unique characteristics of the Ziggurat was the preceding steps that created an illusion of the steps receding towards the sky. Thus, the ziggurat is said to be the link between the earth and the sky.  Other than its renowned beauty, it was also ideal for protection, as people could run up the stairs had there been an increase in a flood.

8. The Evolution of Architecture Architecture continued to evolve over the years, from Roman Civilisation, introducing Byzantine Architecture, therefore moving onto Medieval Architecture, Baroque Architecture, and eventually Modern and Contemporary Architecture.

9. The Importance of Architecture We are surrounded by beautiful Architecture in our everyday lives, buildings, bridges and landmarks. Architecture can convey a language to us just by their structures. For example, a busy city with a lot of buildings speak to us as chaotic. A city with simple building structures often strike us as calm and peaceful. Architecture is important as it provides protection, functionality and overall, it is aesthetically pleasing. 

10. The Fundamentals of Architecture

11. Firmness of Architecture Any building must be strong enough to protect itself and others from any natural disaster ( Earthquakes, Tsunami, Flooding ) It must also be able to withstand any physical challenges faced. This is determined by the building materials that go into the structure. Architects must work hand in hand with an Engineer to determine which materials are strong enough and which won’t work due to its weakness. An architect must be able to take strong materials and design it into something aesthetically pleasing, giving the building both strength and beauty.

12. Functionality and Productivity Architecture provides functionality for people to sustain their everyday needs and lifestyle. Offices and Factories are one of the most important buildings to date. It creates job opportunities for people to work in. It is not easy to work a corporate job from your house as you do not have the essential resources for that. Offices allow mass productivity and is ultimately faster. This also applies to factories. You cannot run a clothing company with 2 people from a small room. You need a large building with multiple people working together to ensure effective results and productive business.

13. The Beauty behind Architecture Appearance plays a vital if not the most important role in the overall building. Architects need to ensure that, whatever they're designing, it needs to look aesthetically pleasing as this is the first thing people see when looking at the structure. Whether it is built for cultural purposes or visual purposes, the design adds character and personality to the building itself. The design can also be so powerful, that places are defined by the architecture of a specific building. Examples are like the Taj Mahal in India, The Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Big Ben in London. 

14. What is Architectural Design? Architectural Design focuses on the elements of a structure, as well as the aesthetic and function of the structure. The design of ant structure is created to ensure that the building fits in with its surroundings. The overall flow is important of Architectural Design.

15. An Architect’s 5 Phases of Design

16. Pre-Design Phase

17. Schematic Design This is the first phase of Design. The architect and the client discuss all requirements needed for this project going forth. A lot of research is done in this step, as the architect must analyse the building zones as well as establish the location and size of the building, as well as how it will interact with the spaces. The schematic design determines the final shape and size of the building, focusing on the exterior.

18. EXAMPLE OF A SCHEMATIC DESIGN

19. Design Development Phase This phase involves the selection of materials needed, such as interior finishes. (Windows, Doors and Appliances). The Architect and Engineer work closely together in this phase, as the drawing is revised by the Architect, specifying the details, and the Engineer will advise the location of where the appliances should be situated, such as the lighting and plumbing. The end goal of this phase is finalising the building, as both the interior and exterior designs come together. Usually, a 3D design is put together to visualise the final building design.

20. Construction Documents This is the largest and most crucial phase of the Design Process. This is when all the plans are finalised by the department of buildings. Both the architects and engineers finalise all the technical design and engineering aspects of the project. The architect must produce multiple drawings to send through for finalising the project.

21. Bidding This phase entails finding and securing a contractor to proceed with the construction of the building. Bids on the project are submitted on behalf of the contractors. Once a contractor has been selected for the job, the architect, engineer, client and contractor discuss any questions asked before the construction of the project begins.

22. Construction Administration This is the final and the longest phase. It involves the accounting sector of the project which is managed by a chartered accountant. Whilst this is processing, the construction continues. the architect visits the site and overviews the project, ensuring that the contractor is following through with the plan discussed.

23. REFERENCES THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN A NUTSHELL In-text:  (The History of Architecture in a Nutshell, 2020) Your Bibliography:  Widewalls . 2020.  The History Of Architecture In A Nutshell . [online] Available at: <https:// www.widewalls.ch /the-history-of-architecture/> [Accessed 24 March 2020]. ARCHITECTURE PHASES OF DESIGN, FONTAN ARCHITECTURE In-text:  (AIA, 2020) Your Bibliography:  AIA, J., 2020.  Architecture Phases Of Design, Fontan Architecture . [online] Fontan Architecture. Available at: https://jorgefontan.com/architectural-design-phases/ [Accessed 24 March 2020].

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