Introduction to cardiovascular diseases artherosclerosis

CVD

1. INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES - ATHEROSCLEROSIS NUR FARRA NAJWA BINTI ABDUL AZIM 082015100035

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE Students should be able to understand and define cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Students should be able to understand and describe the atherosclerosis as a whole and completely.

3. INTRODUCTION (CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES) A class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessel. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally . Mainly due to lipid metabolism abnormality

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES) Population-based studies show that atherosclerosis, the major precursor of cardiovascular disease Obesity and  diabetes mellitus  are often linked to cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease is the most life-threatening of the diabetic complications and diabetics are two- to four-fold more likely to die of cardiovascular-related causes than non-diabetics .

5. SERUM CHOLESTEROL INCREASED DIABETES MELLITUS – Acetyl CoA pool high HYPOTHYROIDISM Reduced HDL receptor

6. RISK FACTORS RISK Serum cholesterol level LDL-cholesterol level HDL-cholesterol level Apoprotein levels and ratio Lp (a) Cigarette Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Serum triglyceride Obesity Homocysteine level

7. RISK FACTOR CLASES DETAILS RISK FACTORS 1 Modifiable : Interventions have been proved to lower CAD risk Cigarette smoking High total cholesterol and LDL Low HDL cholesterol High fat diet Thrombogenic factors 2 Modifiable : Intervention are likely to lower CAD risk Lp (a) Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Physical inactivity Obesity Stress 3 Non-modifiable risk factor Age Male gender Family history of CAD

8. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES includes… Atherosclerosis Stroke Venous thrombosis Peripheral artery diseases

9. PREVENTION LOOK TO THE RISK FACTOR  TREATMENT ACCORDING TO DISEASES 

10. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE TREATMENT Heart Attack Medication s Coronary angioplasty Coronary artery bypass graft surgery Stroke Medications

11. ATHEROSCLEROSIS

12. INTRODUCTION Greek word sclerosis means hardening Atherosclerosis  affecting arterial  blood vessel  due to a chronic inflammatory response of WBCs in the walls of arteries . Substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries, narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke.  

13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

14. Atherosclerotic plaque in carotid artery

15. RISK Same to CVD risk ( V asudevan )  

16. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

17. ANY QUESTION ???

18. REFERENCE Textbook o f Biochemistry for Medical Students,DM Vasudevan , 6 th Edition https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/cardiovascular-disease http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001066