Introduction to Computer Graphics

This presentation discusses the definition of computer graphics. It also provides various applications of computer graphics explained and discussed examples.

Computer graphics is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify, and represent pictures.

There are 8 types of computer graphics applications namely computer-aided design, presentation graphics, computer art, entertainment, education and training, visualization, image processing, and graphical user interface.

1. COMPUTER GRAPHICS IT Elective 2 ARNEL S. LLEMIT Instructor

2. What is Computer Graphics? Introduction to Computer Graphics It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify , represent pictures. 2 IT Elec 2

3. Why use computer graphics? Scenario 1 A shoe manufacturing company wants to show the sale of shoes for five years. Introduction to Computer Graphics 3 IT Elec 2 Presentation Graphics Charts & Graphs Data are presented in pictorial form

4. Why use computer graphics? Scenario 2 Introduction to Computer Graphics 4 IT Elec 2 Training of student pilots. Aviation Aerospace Engineering Flight Simulator Safe & Training Cost Reduction

5. Applications of Computer Graphics 5 IT Elec 2 Various applications of computer graphics and its importance Introduction to Computer Graphics

6. Applications of Computer Graphics Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Introduction to Computer Graphics 6 IT Elec 2 Presentation Graphics Computer Art Entertainment Education & Training Visualization Image Processing Graphical User Interface

7. Computer Aided Design Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many other products Introduction to Computer Graphics 7 IT Elec 2 Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form. Software packages provide multi-window environment

8. Computer Aided Design Graphics design package provides standard shapes (useful for repeated placements) Introduction to Computer Graphics 8 IT Elec 2 Animations are also used in CAD applications Realistic displays of architectural design permits simulated “walk” through the rooms (virtual-reality systems)

9. Presentation Graphics Introduction to Computer Graphics 9 Used to produce illustrations for reports or generate slides for use with projectors Commonly used to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, economic data for research reports, managerial reports & customer information bulletins IT Elec 2

10. Computer Art Introduction to Computer Graphics 10 IT Elec 2

11. Computer Art Introduction to Computer Graphics 11 IT Elec 2 Used in fine art & commercial art Includes artist’s paintbrush programs, paint packages, CAD packages and animation packages These packages provides facilities for designing object shapes & specifying object motions. Examples : Cartoon drawing, paintings, product advertisements, logo design

12. Computer Art Introduction to Computer Graphics 12 IT Elec 2 Electronic Painting Picture painted electronically on a graphics tablet (digitizer) using a stylus Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus Morphing A graphics method in which one object is transformed into another.

13. Entertainment Introduction to Computer Graphics 13 IT Elec 2

14. Entertainment Introduction to Computer Graphics 14 IT Elec 2 Movie Industry Used in motion pictures, music videos, and television shows. Used in making of cartoon animation films

15. Computer Graphics is about animation (films) Introduction to Computer Graphics 15 IT Elec 2

16. Entertainment Introduction to Computer Graphics 16 IT Elec 2 Game Industry Focus on interactivity Cost effective solutions Avoiding computations and other tricks

17. Education & Training Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are used as educational aids. Models of physical systems, physiological systems, population trends, or equipment such as color-coded diagram help trainees understand the operation of the system Introduction to Computer Graphics 17 IT Elec 2

18. Education & Training Specialized systems used for training applications Introduction to Computer Graphics 18 IT Elec 2 18 simulators for practice sessions or training of ship captains aircraft pilots heavy equipment operators air traffic-control personnel

19. Visualization Introduction to Computer Graphics 19 IT Elec 2

20. Visualization Introduction to Computer Graphics 20 IT Elec 2 Scientific Visualization Producing graphical representations for scientific, engineering, and medical data sets

21. Visualization Introduction to Computer Graphics 21 IT Elec 2 Business Visualization Business Visualization is used in connection with data sets related to commerce, industry and other non-scientific areas Techniques used- color coding, contour plots, graphs, charts, surface renderings & visualizations of volume interiors.

22. Image Processing Introduction to Computer Graphics 22 IT Elec 2

23. Introduction to Computer Graphics 23 IT Elec 2 Image processing techniques are combined with computer graphics to produce many of the data visualizations CG- Computer is used to create a picture Image Processing – applies techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures such as photographs and TV scans Image Processing

24. Introduction to Computer Graphics 24 IT Elec 2 Medical Applications Picture Enhancements Tomography Simulations of Operations Ultrasonics & Nuclear Medicine Scanners Image Processing

25. Introduction to Computer Graphics 25 IT Elec 2 2 Applications Improving image quality Machine perception of visual information (robotics) Image Processing

26. Introduction to Computer Graphics 26 IT Elec 2 Applying Image Processing Methods Digitize a photograph (or picture) into an image file Apply digital methods to rearrange picture parts to Enhance color separations Improve quality of shading Tomography – technique of X-ray photography that allows cross-sectional views of physiological systems to be displayed Computed X-ray tomography (CT) and Position Emission Tomography ( PET) use projection methods to reconstruct cross sections from digital data Computer-Aided Surgery is a medical application technique to model and study physical functions to design artificial limbs and to plan & practice surgery Computer-Assisted Surgery (also called Image-Guided Surgery) is a broad term used to indicate an operation in which imaging scans and computer technology are used to make a three-dimensional (3-D) model of an organ. Image Processing

27. Graphical User Interfaces Introduction to Computer Graphics 27 IT Elec 2

28. Introduction to Computer Graphics 28 IT Elec 2 Major components – Window manager (multiple-window areas) To make a particular window active, click in that window (using an interactive pointing device) Interfaces display – menus & icons Icons – graphical symbol designed to look like the processing option it represents Advantages of icons – less screen space, easily understood Menus contain lists of textual descriptions & icons Graphical User Interfaces

29. Introduction to Computer Graphics 29 IT Elec 2 A set of libraries that provide programmatically access to some kind of graphics 2D functions. Types GKS-Graphics Kernel System – first graphics package -accepted by ISO & ANSI PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard)-accepted by ISO & ANSI PHIGS + (Expanded package) Silicon Graphics GL (Graphics Library) Open GL Pixar Render Man interface Postscript interpreters Painting, drawing, design packages Graphics Packages

30. End of Presentation Introduction to Computer Graphics IT Elec 2