Introduction to database Chapter One DB1.pptx

data base chap1

1. Welcome

2. http:// www.mahergelle.com By Eng.Adulahi M. Adan Database 1

3. Course Outline Introduction to Database 01 Database System 02 Database Types and Relations 03 Organizing Data into Tables 04

4. Chapter One: - Introduction to Database

5. Data, information, and knowledge Data : refers to raw facts, observations, or measurements that have not been processed or organized to convey any meaning. It represents the basic building blocks of information. Data can be structured ( e.g dates, numbers,, or categories) or unstructured (e.g., text, images, or audio) D ata is row input or unprocessed information Contents A Contents B

6. Data, information, and knowledge Information : Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves or data processed in a form meaningful to the recipient. Information is the result of processing and organizing data in a meaningful way. In a database, information can be obtained through queries, reports, or data analysis operations. Contents A Contents B

7. Data, information, and knowledge Process : Set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined \outcome or conversion /manipulation and analysis of raw input into a meaningful form. Process involves a series of actions or transformations applied to data to generate meaningful information. The process acts as a bridge between data and information, converting raw data into meaningful insights. Contents A Contents B

8. Data, information, and knowledge   Knowledge : Awareness and understanding of a set of information. knowledge represents the insights and understanding gained from information and experience . Knowledge goes beyond the scope of data and information. It involves the understanding, insights, and expertise gained from information and experience. Contents A Contents B

9. Data, information, and knowledge Contents A

10. Data, information, and knowledge Contents A

11. Information System System is many related components integrity work together to achieve common goals System refers to a collection of interconnected components or elements that work together to achieve a common objective or purpose. It involves the arrangement and coordination of various parts to function as a unified whole. Contents A Contents B

12. Information System What Is an Information System ? Information system is interrelated components working together to collect , process and store and distribute information to support decision making by coordination, control , analysis and visualization in an organization. An information system (IS) is a specific type of system designed to collect , store, process, retrieve, and disseminate data and information within an organization. Contents A Contents B

13. Information System Information system is a software system to capture, transmit, store, retrieve , manipulate, or display information , thereby supporting people, organizations, or software systems. It encompasses the people, processes , data, technology, and infrastructure that work together to manage and support the flow of information within an organizational context . Contents A Contents B

14. Information System Contents A

15. Information System Input – Gathering and capturing raw data Input refers to the data, instructions, or signals that are provided to a system for processing . Input can come from various sources, such as users, sensors, devices, or other systems . Processing: Converting or transforming data into useful outputs. Processing is the stage where the system performs operations, manipulations, or transformations on the input data . Contents A Contents B

16. Information System Output – Production of useful information , usually in the form of documents and reports. Output represents the processed or transformed information or results generated by the system after the processing stage . Feedback – Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities Feedback is the information or response that is returned to the system or to the user after the output has been delivered Contents A Contents B

17. Types of information systems 1. Informal Evolve from patterns of human behavior (can be complex) Not formalized Rely on “word” of mouth Contents A Contents B

18. Types of information systems 2. manual Formalized but not computer based Developing patterns and trends on graph paper for stock analysis Historical handling of information in organizations Before computers S ome organizations still use aspects of manual IS Contents A Contents B

19. Types of information systems 3. Computer-Based Information System A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks. Such a system can include as little as a personal computer and software. or it may include several thousand computers of various sizes with hundreds of printers, plotters, and other devices, and databases . In most cases an information system Contents A Contents B

20. Components of Information Systems People: Users : Employees using a customer relationship management (CRM) system to manage customer interactions and sales. Stakeholders : Managers accessing a business intelligence (BI) system to analyze sales data and make strategic decisions. IT Professionals : Database administrators responsible for maintaining and optimizing the performance of a database management system (DBMS). Contents A Contents B

21. Components of Information Systems 2. Data: Customer Data : Contact information, purchase history, and demographic details stored in a CRM system. Sales Data : Revenue figures, product quantities sold, and sales channels recorded in a sales management system. Inventory Data: Stock levels, item descriptions, and supplier details stored in an inventory management system . Contents A Contents B

22. Components of Information Systems 3 . Processes: Order Processing: An order management system that receives and processes customer orders, updates inventory, and generates invoices . Data Entry: Employees entering sales data into a database through a web-based form or a point-of-sale ( POS) system. Report Generation: A reporting system that automatically generates daily , weekly, and monthly sales reports based on predefined criteria. Contents A Contents B

23. Components of Information Systems 4 . Technologies: Hardware: Servers, workstations, and networking equipment used to store and process data in an information system. Software: Database management systems (e.g., Oracle, MySQL), enterprise resource planning (ERP) software , or business intelligence tools Network Infrastructure: Local are a networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and internet connectivity that facilitate data transmission. Contents A Contents B

24. Components of Information Systems 5 . Procedures: Data Entry Guidelines: Standards for inputting data into a system, such as required fields, formatting rules, and validation checks. Backup and Recovery Procedure s : Regularly scheduled backups of databases and procedures to restore data in case of system failures. Security Protocols: Password policies , user access controls, and encryption methods to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. Contents A Contents B

25. Components of Information Systems 6 . Feedback: Sales Reports: Analytical reports generated by a BI system that provide insights into sales trends, customer behavior , and revenue growth. Customer Feedback: Surveys, reviews , and ratings collected through customer feedback systems to assess satisfaction and make improvements. System Performance Metrics : Monitoring system response time, error rates , and availability to identify areas for optimization and improvement. Contents A Contents B

26. Components of Information Systems 7 . Control and Security: User Access Controls: Assigning different levels of access privileges to users based on their roles and responsibilities. Data Encryption: Encrypting sensitive data, such as customer information or financial records, to protect against unauthorized access. Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems : Implementing network security measures to prevent unauthorized access and detect potential threats. Contents A Contents B

27. Chapter End

28. Chapter Summery 01 Data, Information, a nd Knowledge Data: - Unprocessed Information Information: - Processed Data Process: - Set of logically related tasks Knowledge: - understanding of a set of information. 02 I nformation System Input Processing Output Feedback 03 Types of Information Systems Informal Manual Computer-Based Information System 04 Components of Information Systems People Data Processes Technologies Procedures Feedback Control and Security

29. Quiz 01 Differentiate Data and Information ? 02 Differentiate System and Information System? 03 What are the three types of an information system? 04 List at least three components of an Information System?

30. Thank you @ Eng.Abdulahi Mohamed