introduction to electrical service building

electrical service building

1. Introduction to Electrical Services in a Building basics of Electrical Services in a building B asics of lighting Human light perception and the physiological control

2. basics of Electrical Services in a building Definition Electrical services refer to the comprehensive systems and components that deliver electrical power and support various essential functions within a building . This includes the infrastructure for power distribution Lighting communication systems safety mechanisms. Electrical services are integral to the functionality and livability of residential, commercial, and industrial spaces.

3. Importance of Electrical Services 1. Lighting General Illumination - Provides overall visibility in spaces, enhancing safety and comfort. Task Lighting - Focused lighting for specific activities (e.g., reading, cooking) that enhances productivity. Accent Lighting - Highlights architectural features or artwork, contributing to aesthetic appeal. 2. Heating and Cooling HVAC Systems - Electrical services power heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, which regulate indoor climate and ensure comfort. Thermostats and Controls - Allow for automated temperature regulation, improving energy efficiency and user comfort.

4. Importance of Electrical Services… 3. Power Supply Main Electrical Panel - Distributes electricity from the utility to various circuits throughout the building, managing power needs effectively. Backup Generators - Ensure continuity of power during outages, particularly for critical systems like healthcare or data centers. 4. Communication Systems Data Networks- Support internet and intranet connectivity, facilitating communication and information exchange. Telephon - Includes both traditional and VoIP systems, essential for personal and business communications. Intercom Systems - Enhance communication within buildings, allowing for efficient messaging and announcements.

5. Importance of Electrical Services… 5. Safety and Security Fire Alarm Systems Detect smoke and heat, providing early warnings to occupants and enabling timely emergency responses. Emergency Lighting Illuminates escape routes during power failures, ensuring safety during evacuations. Security Systems Incorporate alarms, surveillance cameras, and access control systems to protect against unauthorized access and threats. 6. Energy Management Smart Systems Integrate advanced technologies that monitor and control energy use, leading to reduced consumption and lower utility costs. Renewable Energy Integration Facilitate the use of solar panels, wind turbines, and other renewable sources, promoting sustainability.

6. Design Considerations Load Calculations Ensuring sufficient capacity. Energy Efficiency Implementing energy-saving systems. Code Compliance Adhering to safety regulations. Future Expansion Planning for additional electrical needs.

7. 2. basics of lighting

8. basics of lighting ... Cotd

9. Lighting Terminology We quantify light as “lumens” “pieces” of light Lumens of light striking a surface = Illuminance • Expressed in candles on a surface area Lumens of light leaving a surface in a specific direction in a specific density = Luminance related to the assessment of “brightness”

10. I nteraction of light

11. The Physics of Light

12. The Physics of Light ... Cotd

13. The Physics of Light ... Cotd SO... where does radiation come from, and why do we detect only a small portion of it? The SUN has historically been our primary source of radiation The sun emits almost every wavelength of EMR. We would call this a very complete spectrum Almost all of the sun’s radiation is blocked by our atmosphere •What types leak through and make it to the earths surface? The visible spectrum, some IR and some UV So we have adapted to detect and make use of these types of radiation •This is also why we have no defense mechanisms against the other type of EMR

14. C olor

15. 3. Human light perception and the physiological control

16. Fundamentals of Vision ... Cotd Cones Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Department of Architecture Architectural science III, Light and Energy •Active in high light levels (called Photopic vision) •Responsible for color vision (if you perceive color, you are using cones) Rods •Active in low light situations (called Scotopic vision) •Very sensitive to change and motion •The brain “sees”, the eyes merely “detect”. •For human vision performance and revealing the world around us we are usually concerned with “white” light •BUT... white is a subjective experience (like all “color”) and our definition is constantly changing.... So we break it down in to two issues: COMPLETENESS OF SPECTRUM & BALANCE OF SPECTRUM

17. Fundamentals of Vision ... Cotd

18. Fundamentals of Vision ... Cotd

19. Fundamentals of Vision ... Cotd

20. Psychological Effects of Light Mood : Natural light can enhance mood and productivity; inadequate lighting may lead to discomfort or fatigue. Spatial Awareness : Proper lighting enhances depth perception and spatial orientation. Color Temperature : Warm light (low color temperature) creates a cozy atmosphere, while cool light (high color temperature) promotes alertness.

21. A. Physiological Basis of Color Perception Additive Color Mixing how colors combine when light is mixed. For example, combining red and green light produces yellow. This principle is foundational in technologies like screens and stage lighting. Subtractive Color Mixing This occurs when pigments mix. For instance, combining cyan, magenta, and yellow pigments can create a range of colors but absorbs light rather than adding it.

22. B. Color Perception Mechanism Trichromatic Theory the trichromatic theory, which posits that the brain interprets color based on the stimulation of the three types of cones. The relative activation of these cones enables the perception of a wide spectrum of colors. Opponent Process Theory which suggests that color perception is controlled by opposing pairs (e.g., red-green, blue-yellow). This theory explains certain color vision phenomena, such as afterimages.

23. c. Psychological Factors Context and Environment : color perception is influenced by surrounding colors and light conditions. The same color can appear different depending on context due to contrast and ambient light. Cultural Influences : cultural factors can shape how people perceive and categorize colors, leading to variations in color naming and significance across different societies.