Introduction to First AID and Basic FA and BLS.pptx

Health

1. INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

2. FIRST AID is an immediate help provided to a sick or injured person until professional medical help arrives or becomes available. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available

3. OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID Preserve life Prevent further harm and complications Seek immediate medical help Provide reassurance

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER Gentle Observant Resourceful Sympathetic Tactful

5. Legal Concerns Consent Duty to act Standards of care Negligence Abandonment Confidentiality

6. Scope and L imitation First aid does not imply medical treatment and is by no means a replacement for it

7. HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISKS Common Transmittable Diseases: Herpes Meningitis Tuberculosis Hepatitis HIV/AIDS

8. Disease T ransmission Infectious diseases are those that can spread from one person to another through the following ways:

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Airborne transmission
Bites

9. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

10. Scene size-up I- Scene safety II- Knowing what happened cause of injury nature of illness III- Role of Bystanders IV- Number of Casualties V- Asking permission or consent

11. To obtain consent , 1. Identify yourself to the victim 2. State your level of training 3. ASK THE VICTIM whether you may help 4. Explain what you observe 5. Explain what you plan to do

12. I- Assessing Responsiveness A- A lert V- R esponsive to v oice P- Responsve t o P ain U- U nresponsive PRIMARY ASSESSMENT

13. II- Activate Medical Help Ask someone for local emergency number

14. III- Airway An open airway allows air to enter the lungs for the person to breathe. If the airway is blocked, the person cannot breathe

15. IV- Breathing While maintaining an open airway, quickly check an unconscious person for breathing by doing the L ook , L isten and F eel (LLF) technique for no more than 10 seconds.

16. Pulse Check for definitive pulse and carotid area for adult or child, while brachial for infant

17. Bleeding Quickly look for severe bleeding by looking over the person‘s body from head to toe for signal such as blood –soaked clothing or blood spurting out of a wound.

18. Shock If left untreated, shock can lead to death. Always look for the signals of shock whenever you are giving care. Skin color, temperature and moisture Assessment of skin temperature ,color and condition can tell you more about the patient ‘s circulatory system.

19. SECONDARY ASSESSMENT If you determine that an injured or ill person is not an immediately life threatening condition, you can begin to check for other conditions that may need care . -Interviewing the person and bystanders -Checking the person from head to toe -Checking for vital signs

20. Bleeding The loss of blood escaping from circulatory system. Techniques to Control Bleeding -Direct pressure -Pressure bandage

21. Shock A condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body’s tissues and vital organs.

22. First Aid Management (SHOCK) -Make the person lie down -Control any external bleeding -Legs maybe raised 6 to 12 inches -Help the person maintain normal body temperature -Do not give the person anything to eat or drink -Reassure the person every so often

23. Closed Wound A closed wound is a wound where the outer layer of the skin is intact and the damage lie below the surface First Aid management -Apply an ice pack -Elevate the injured part -Do not assume that all closed wounds are minor injuries -Help the person to rest -Provide comfort and reassure the person

24. Open Wounds An open wounds,the outer layer of skin is broken.The break in the skin can be as minor as a scrape of the surface layers or as se ve re as a deep penetration. First Aid Management General care for open wounds includes controlling bleeding,preventing infection and using dressings and bandages correctly. Minor Open Wounds -Use a barrier between your hand and the wound
-Apply direct pressure
-Wash abrasions and other superficial wounds
-Apply a Povidone-iodine(PVP-I) antiseptic solution or,if available,a triple antibiotic ointment or cream
-Cover the wound with a sterile dressing -Wash your hands immediately after giving care

25. Types of O pen W ounds Abrasions Lacerations Avulsions Amputation Puncture I ncision

26. INCISION

27. LACERATION

28. ABRASION

29. PUNCTURE

30. AVULSION

31. AMPUTATION

32. Major Open Wounds -Call the local emergency number
-Control bleeding by applying direct pressure or employing a pressure bandage
-Monitor airway and breathing
-Have the person rest comfortably and provide reassurance
-Wash your hands immediately after giving care Burns Are injuries to the skin and to other body tissues that is caused by heat, chemical, electricity, or radiation.

33. First Aid Management Thermal Burns -Check the scene for safety
-Stop the burning by removing the victim from the source of the burn
-Check for the life-threatening conditions
-Cool the burn with large amount of cold running water
-Cover the burn loosely with sterile dressing
-Prevent infection .Do not break blisters
-Apply a triple antibiotic ointment if the person has no known allergies of sensitivities to the medication
-Take step to minimize shock
-Comfort and reassure the victim

34. Fracture A fracture is complete break, chip or crack in a bone Dislocation A dislo c ation is the movement of bone at a join t away from its normal position.Th i s moveme n t usually is caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold bones in place. First Aid Management R- Rest I- Immobilize. C- Cold E- Elevate.

35. R est

36. I ce

37. C ompress

38. E levate

39. How are you going to perform first aid to a person who has been injured with a sharp object and resulted to an open wound? Emergency Emergency