Introduction to generalized measurement system

Introduction to generalized measurement system, primary sensing element, data conversion element, data transfer element, manipulation element, data presentation element, the functional element of bourdon tube pressure gauge, the functional element of the pressure-actuated thermometer, static characteristics of instruments, dynamic characteristics of instruments

1. Introduction to Generalized Measurement System Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh m jadeja

2. Generalised Measurement System It is possible and desired to describe the operation of a measuring instrument or a system in generalized manner without resorting to intricate detail of the physical aspects of a specific instrument or system. The whole operation can be described in terms of functional elements. Measuring systems contain following functional elements: Primary Sensing Element Variable Conversion Element Manipulation Element Data Transmission Element Data Presentation Element. Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja

3. The quantity under measurement makes its first contact with the primary sensing element of measurement system. It is an element that is sensitive to the measured variable. The sensing elements sense the condition, state or value of the process variable by extracting a small part of energy from the measurand, and then produce an output which reflects this condition, state or value of the measurand. Primary Sensing Element Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja Bulb Bulb

4. Variable Conversion Element This elements converts the signal from the physical form to another without changing the information content of the signal. It is also known as transducer element. Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja Bulb

5. Data Transmission Element This element transmits the signal from one location to another without changing its information contents. Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja Capillary Tube

6. Manipulation Element This element operates on the signal according to the signal according to some mathematical rule without changing the physical nature of the variable. Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja

7. Data Presentation Element This element provides a display record or indication of the output from the manipulation elements. Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja

8. Generalized Measurement System Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja Primary Sensing Element Variable Conversion Element Data Transmission Element Variable Manipulation Element Data Presentation Element Measurand Medium (Input) Observer (Output)

9. Functional Elements of Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja

10. Functional Elements of Pressure Actuated Thermometer Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja

11. Static Characteristics of Instruments Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja The main static characteristics may be summed up as follows: Accuracy & Precision Error & Correction Sensitivity Range and Span Reproducibility & Repeatability Readability Threshold & Resolution Drift Dead zone & Dead time Noise

12. Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments Prepared by: Ratnadeepsinh M Jadeja The main dynamic characteristics may be summed up as follows: Speed of Response Measuring lag Fidelity Dynamic Error