Introduction to green chemistry

this ppt gives a short intro about the green chemistry, its need and the principles of green chemistry along with use of chemistry in daily life.

1. Presented by-
Musale Baliram S.
M. Pharmacy
(Pharmaceutics)
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences , RTMNU Nagpur.

2. 2

3. Green Chemistry is the
utilization of a set of
principles that reduces
or eliminates the use or
generation of hazardous
substances in the
design, manufacture and
application of chemical
products .

4. 4
Green Chemistry Is About
Waste
Material
Hazard
Risk
Energy
Cost

5. Chemistry is undeniably a very prominent part
of our daily lives.
Chemical developments also bring new
environmental problems and harmful
unexpected side effects, which result in the
need for ‘greener’ chemical products.
A famous example is the pesticide DDT.

6. The Green Chemistry program
supports the invention of more
environmentally friendly chemical
processes which reduce or even
eliminate the generation of hazardous
substances.
This program works very closely with
the twelve principles of Green
Chemistry.

8. “It is better to prevent waste than to
treat or clean up waste after it is
formed”

9. »Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be
designed to maximize the
incorporation of all the materials
used in the process into the final
product.
»Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis
Wherever practicable, synthetic
methods should be designed to use
and generate substances that
possess little or no toxicity to
people or the environment.

10. Designing Safer Chemicals
Chemical products should be designed
to effect their desired function while
minimizing their toxicity.
 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g.,
solvents or separation agents) should not
be made unnecessary whenever possible
and innocuous when used.
 Design for Energy Efficiency
Energy requirements of chemical
processes should be recognized for their
environmental and economic impacts and
should be minimized. If possible,
synthetic methods should be conducted at
ambient temperature and pressure.

11. Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock
should be renewable rather than
depleting whenever technically and
economically practicable.
Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (use of
blocking groups, protection/de-
protection, and temporary
modification of physical/chemical
processes) should be minimized or
avoided if possible, because such
steps require additional reagents and
can generate waste.
Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as
possible) are superior to
stoichiometric reagents.

12.  Design for Degradation
Chemical products should be designed
so that at the end of their function
they break down into innocuous
degradation products and do not
persist in the environment.
 Real-time Analysis for Pollution
Prevention
Analytical methodologies need to be
further developed to allow for real-
time, in-process monitoring and control
prior to the formation of hazardous
substances.
 Inherently Safer Chemistry
for Accident Prevention
Substances and the form of a
substance used in a chemical process
should be chosen to minimise the
potential for chemical accidents,
including releases, explosions, and
fires.

13. 13
Saving Energy
Minimum Global Changes
Minimize the Depletion
of Resources
Food Supply
Releasing Non-Toxic
in the Environment
The major uses of GREEN CHEMISTRY

14. 1.Saving Energy
Green Chemistry will be essential in
Developing the alternatives for energy
generation (photovoltaic's, hydrogen, fuel
cells, biogases fuels, etc.)

15. WHAT IS HYDROGEN ECONOMY ?
The hydrogen economy describes a
system in which our energy needs
are predominantly met by
hydrogen, rather than fossil fuels.
This type of economy would rely on
renewable resources in the form of
hydrogen gas and water, drastically
changing pollution , electricity
sources, infrastructure, engines,
and international trade, without
impacting our quality of life. In a
hydrogen economy, vehicles like
cars and airplanes use
hydrogen fuel cells for power,
rather than petroleum distillates.

16. USES OF HYDROGEN
Hydrogen is a very useful gas.
1) It is used as a fuel
2) It makes ammonia, NH4
3) It is used to make plastic (PV)
4) It also turns liquid vegetable
oils into margarine (vegetable
ghee)
Hydrogen Gas filling in Car

17. ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN
•Waste product of burning H
2
is water.
•Elimination of fossil fuel pollution.
•Elimination of greenhouse gases.
•Elimination of economic dependence.

18. 2.Resource Depletion
Due to the over
utilization of non-
renewable resources,
natural resources
are being depleted
at an unsustainable
rate.
Fossil fuels are a
central issue.

19. Minimize the Depletion of Resources
Renewable resources can be
made increasingly viable
technologically and economically
through green chemistry.
 Biomass
 Nano science & technology
 Solar Energy
 Carbon dioxide
 Waste utilization

20. 3.Minimum Global Changes
Concerns for climate change, oceanic
temperature, and global distillation can
be addressed through the development
and implementation of green chemistry
technologies.

21. 4.Food Supply
While current food levels are sufficient, but the
distribution is inadequate
 Agricultural methods are unsustainable
 Future food production intensity is needed.
 Green chemistry can address many food supply
issues

22. Green chemistry is
developing:
Pesticides which only affect
target organisms and degrade
to innocuous by-products.
Fertilizers and fertilizer
adjuvant that are designed to
minimize usage while
maximizing effectiveness.
Methods of using agricultural
wastes for beneficial and
profitable uses.

23. 5. Releasing Non-Toxics in the Environment
Substances that are
toxic to humans, the
biosphere and all that
sustains it, are currently
still being released at a
cost of life, health and
sustainability.
 One of green
chemistry’s greatest
strengths is the ability
to design for reduced
hazard.

24. Business benefits of green chemistry
include: improved resource efficiency
and lower raw material and utility bills
Reduced waste treatment and disposal
costs.
Ability to capitalize on the
environmental technology marketplace
by designing new, 'greener' products
Improved health and safety for staff
and customers
Environmental benefits include: fewer
raw materials and natural resources
used.
Lower levels of chemicals released to
the environment
Cleaner production technologies
Reduced emissions and product impacts

26. DRY CLEANING OF CLOTHES
Tetra chloroethene(C2Cl2) was earlier
used as solvent for dry cleaning but these
compound contaminates the ground water
and suspected carcinogen.
The process using this compound is now
being replaced by a process where
liquefied carbon dioxide with a suitable
detergent is used .
Replacement of halogenated solvent by
liquid Carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in
less harm to ground water .

27. BLEACHING OF PAPER
Chlorine gas was used
earlier for bleaching of
paper .
These days hydrogen
peroxide with suitable
catalyst which promotes
the bleaching action of
hydrogen peroxide is used .

28. SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALS
Ethanol (CH3CHO) is now
commercially prepared by one
step oxidation of Ethene in
the presence of ionic catalyst
in aqueous medium with a
yield of 90%