introduction to hospital management (1).pptx

It describes about hospital management and its strategies. It explains about hospital, human resource and other departments. Health systems management or health care systems management describes the leadership and general management of hospitals, hospital networks, and/or health care systems. In international use, the term refers to management at all levels.[1] In the United States, management of a single institution (e.g. a hospital) is also referred to as "medical and health services management",[2] "healthcare management", or "health administration".

Health systems management ensures that specific outcomes are attained that departments within a health facility are running smoothly that the right people are in the right jobs, that people know what is expected of them, that resources are used efficiently and that all departments are working towards a common goal for mutual development and growth. Health care management is usually studied through healthcare administration[6] or healthcare management[7] programs in a business school or, in some institutions, in a school of public health.

1. HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE - U19BM1001 Prepared By: Prabakar S 1

2. 2 COURSE OUTCOME Fundamentals of hospital administration and management Market related research process Information management systems and relative supportive services Quality and safety aspects in hospital

3. 3 BOOKS 1. R.C.Goyal , ―Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, PHI –Fourth Edition, 2006. 2. G.D.Kunders , ―Hospitals –Facilities Planning and Management –TMH, New Delhi –Fifth Reprint 2007 REFERENCES: 1. Cesar A.Caceres and Albert Zara, ―The Practice of Clinical Engineering, Academic Press, New York, 1977. 2. Norman Metzger, ―Handbook of Health Care Human Resources Management, 2nd edition Aspen Publication Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA, 1990. 3. Peter Berman ―Health Sector Reform in Developing Countries-Harvard University Press, 1995. 4. William A. Reinke ―Health Planning For Effective Management-Oxford University Press.1988 5. Blane , David, Brunner, ―Health and SOCIAL Organization: Towards a Health Policy for the 21stCentury, Eric Calrendon Press 2002. 6. Arnold D. Kalcizony & Stephen M. Shortell , ―Health Care Management, 6th Edition Cengage Learning, 2011.

4. 4 INTRODUCTION What is management? According to Harold Koontz, "Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups." According to Henri Fayol , "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co- ordinate and to control." According to Henry Sisk, "Management is the coordination of all resources through the process of planning,organizing,directing and controlling in order to attain stated objectives.”

5. 5 Responsibility of Management 1. Determining the goals and objectives of the organization 2. Acquiring and utilizing resources 3. Installing communication system 4.Determining controlling procedures 5.Evaluating the performance of the organization

6. 6 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

7. 7 PLANNING Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do why to do where to do and who will be responsible for doing is planning. Definition "Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen" - Koontz and O'Donnel .

8. 8 ORGANIZING Division of work into functions and sub-functions, grouping of activities that are closely related in their nature, assigning of duties and responsibilities to the employees and finally delegation of authority and power to each employee or the group to discharge their duties accordingly are the processes come under the function of management organizing. Definition "Organization is the process of identifying and grouping of the works to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most efficiently". - Louis A. Allen

9. 9 DIRECTING Directing is nothing but guiding and leading the people in an organization. It is not just giving instructions by a superior to the sub-ordinates but also is a process of supervising, guiding and motivating the latter to achieve the organizational goals. Definition "Activating deals with the steps a manager takes to get sub- ordinates and others to carry out plans". - Newman and Warren.

10. 10 STAFFING In the simplest terms, staffing in management is ‘putting people to jobs’. Definition "Staffing is the function by which managers build an organisation through the recruitment, selection, and development of individuals as capable employees" - McFarland

11. 11 CONTROLLING It is the process that ensures whether the resources are obtained and used efficiently in achieving the organizational objectives Definition "Controlling is determining what is being accomplished - that is, evaluating performance and, if necessary, applying corrective measures so that performance takes place according to plans". - Terry and Franklin.

12. 12 Discussion Topic Distinction between Hospital and Industry?   Hospital   Industry • Continuous demand for materials. No No demand for materials. No schedule for manufacturer. Enormous schedule for production. Enormous Quality is required. Quality is required. Types of material required Types of material required • Medical • Electrical • Pharma • Civil • Consumables • Mechanical Cost of materials Cost of materials 12% of turnover 50% of turnover

13. HOSPITAL A modern hospital is an institution, which possesses adequate accommodation and well qualified and experienced personnel to provide services of curative, restorative and preventive character of the highest quality possible to all people regardless of race,colour,creed or economic status. It conducts educational and training programmes for the health personnel, particularly required for patient care and hospital services. It also conducts research assisting the advancement of medical services, hospital services and programmes of health education. 13

14. TYPES OF HOSPITAL i ) General hospital. All establishments permanently staffed by atleast two or more medical officers, which can offer in-patient accommodation and provide active medical and nursing care for more than one category of medical discipline (e.g. general medicine, general surgery, obstetrics). (ii) Rural hospital. Hospitals located in rural areas (classified by the Registrar General of India) permanently staffed by at least one or more physicians, which offer in-patient accommodation and provide medical and nursing care for more than one category of medical ( iIi ) Speciality hospital. 14

15. TYPES OF HOSPITALS (iv) Teaching hospital. A hospital to which a college is attached for medical/dental education . (v) Isolation hospital. This is a hospital for the care of persons suffering from infectious diseases requiring isolation of the patients. (vi) Tertiary hospital. States and Central Governments set up tertiary hospitals in their capitals where referred patients are treated such as AIIMS, New Delhi, P.G.I. Chandigarh, Sanjay Gandhi, P.G.I., Lucknow , etc. 15

16. CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS  They classified according to , ◦Length of stay of the patient ◦Clinical basis ◦Ownership /control basis 16

17. Hospital Length of stay Long term

18. Hospital Based on ownership Public hospitals V oluntary hospitals Private nursing homes Co r por a t ive hospitals

19. Hospital Based on objectives Teaching cum research hospitals Gene r al hospital S p e c ialized hospitals Isol a tion hospitals

20. Ho s pit a l

21. FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL To provide care for the sick and injured. Training of physicians, nurses and other personnel. Prevention of disease and promotion of health. Advancement of research in scientific medicine. 22

22. UNITI OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION Hospital administration The process of applying all the techniques of modern management such as planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and evaluating, as well as newer techniques such as operational research, and behavioural science, to optimize the resources available in hospitals, clinics and diagnostic centres. It also involves instilling efficiency and effectiveness into the existing system. Management is the operational part of administration. 23

23. Distinction between Hospital and Industry? Unpredictability Professional nature of production class Service Orientation 24

24. Managerial Tips for Hospital Administrators Industry Knowledge Leadership Critical Thinking Relationship Building Ethical Judgment Adaptability Quick Thinking An approach to make positive thinking your habit includes the four C’s—commitment, control, challenge and confidence. 25

25. Elements of Administration: Planning Organization Staffing Directing Coordinating Reporting Budgeting Supervising Evaluation 26

26. PLANNING

27. Execution ( i m ple m en t a t ion) Evaluation Futuristic Decision making process Dynamic Flexible Planning

28. Auditing: “ It is the investigation and report on the fidelity and legality of all financial transactions ” .

29. Achievement Recognition Advancement Working conditions Responsibility Organizational policy Technical supervision Interpersonal relations Salary and compansations Job security

30. P r ocess Outcome /impact S tructu r e

31. Types of Evaluation Program Implementation Program planning Program impact Structure evaluation Process or Formative evaluation Impact or summative Evaluation Facilities/ Equipment/ Manpower/ organization Performance of staff/ way procedures are done Measurable Indicators + Health related impacts

32. Levels of Administration 59

33. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT 60 Organizations often have 3 levels of management:  Top Managers : Make decisions about the direction of the organization. They are responsible for the performance of all departments.  Middle Managers: Manage the activities of other managers. They supervise first-line managers , and responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals.  First-Line Managers : Direct non-managerial employees. They are responsible for day-to-day operation. They supervise the people performing the activities required to make the services.  Non-managerial employees : People who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibilities of overseeing the work of others .

34. Responsibilities of Chief Executive Officer The Chief Executive Officer of a hospital will have to serve as a catalyst for relationship building between patients and employees, government agencies and his hospital and between hospitals and his own hospital; His responsibilities include executive communication, budgeting, building relationships, management, problem solving etc. Primarily responsible to facilitate and communicate the hospital’s philosophy and vision. . 61

35. Challenges to Hospital Administration Business and professional leaders who were initiated into the hospital scene as trustees of voluntary hospitals The large number of physicians who comprise the medical staff of today’s hospital and who are especially concerned about the facilities and services available for the care of their patients Professional organizations which prescribe various standards of hospital operation while granting approval to the hospitals Academicians who are concerned about matching what they teach with the requirements of the patients and hospital administrations 62

36. Labour demanding standards of employment and working conditions at least equal to if not better than those prevailing other industries Trustees of the Trust Hospitals, members of Registered Society Hospitals, shareholders of Corporate Hospitals, and others who have been their own masters and have been operating with no restraints so far will have to face increasing professionalism threatening their power and existence. A safe environment 63

37. Challenges to Hospital Administration 64

38. 65

39. 66

40. 67

41. 68

42. 69

43. 70

44. 71

45. 72

46. CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 73

47. 74

48. 75

49. 76

50. 77

51. 78

52. 79

53. 80

54. 81

55. 82

56. 83

57. 84

58. 85

59. 86

60. 87

61. 88

62. 89

63. 90

64. 91

65. 92

66. 93

67. 94

68. 95

69. 96

70. 97

71. 98

72. 99

73. 100

74. 101

75. 102

76. 103

77. 104

78. 105

79. 106

80. 107

81. 108

82. 109

83. 110

84. 111

85. 112