Introduction to Java EE and Spring Framework new.pdf

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1. Introduction to Java EE and Spring
Framework

Table of Contents
Introduction to Java EE and Spring Framework
1. Java EE (Jakarta EE) Overview
1.1 What is Java EE?
1.2 Architecture of Java EE
1.3 Popular Java EE Components
1.4 Strengths of Java EE
2. Spring Framework Overview
2.1 What is Spring?
2.2 Core Modules of Spring
2.3 Why Developers Love Spring
3. Java EE vs. Spring – In Practice
o Key Comparison Table
4. Real-World Use Cases
4.1 Java EE Use Cases
4.2 Spring Use Cases
5. Why Learn Both?
6. Summary

2. 1. Java EE (Jakarta EE) Overview

1.1 What is Java EE?
Java EE, now called Jakarta EE, is an enterprise-level platform
built on Java SE to develop scalable, distributed, and multi-tier
applications. It provides a set of standardized APIs and services
that simplify building business applications.
Java EE is widely used in industries like banking, e-commerce,
healthcare, telecom, and government systems.

1.2 Architecture of Java EE

 Java EE applications are usually multi-tiered:
 Client Tier – Users interact through web browsers, mobile
apps, or desktop clients.
 Web Tier – Handles requests using Servlets, JSP, and JSF.
 Business Tier – Processes business logic using Enterprise
JavaBeans (EJB) and CDI (Contexts & Dependency
Injection).
 Data Tier – Uses JPA, JDBC, or ORM frameworks to interact
with relational and NoSQL databases.

3. 1.3 Popular Java EE Components

 Servlets & JSP: For handling web requests.
 JSF (JavaServer Faces): For building UIs.
 EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans): For reusable business logic.
 JAX-RS & JAX-WS: For REST and SOAP web services.
 JPA (Java Persistence API): For ORM and database
mapping.
 JMS (Java Message Service): For messaging between
systems.

1.4 Strengths of Java EE

 Portable across application servers (GlassFish, WildFly,
WebLogic).
 Strong focus on standardization and reliability.
 Built-in support for transactions, security, and scalability.
 Suitable for large-scale enterprise applications.

4. 2. Spring Framework Overview

2.1 What is Spring?
The Spring Framework is a comprehensive, lightweight, open-
source framework designed to simplify Java application
development. It takes many of the concepts of Java EE but
makes them more flexible, modular, and developer-friendly.
Spring has evolved into a complete ecosystem for modern
application development, covering everything from web apps
to cloud microservices.

2.2 Core Modules of Spring

 Core Container – Provides Dependency Injection (IoC) for
loose coupling.
 Spring AOP – Enables cross-cutting concerns like logging,
caching, and security.
 Spring Data – Simplifies database integration (SQL +
NoSQL).
 Spring MVC – Framework for web apps following the MVC
pattern.
 Spring Boot – Provides auto-configuration, embedded
servers (Tomcat/Jetty), and production-ready features.

5.  Spring Cloud – Enables distributed systems and
microservices.
 Spring Security – Handles authentication and authorization
with OAuth2/JWT support.

2.3 Why Developers Love Spring

 Lightweight and reduces boilerplate code.
 Easier configuration (XML → Annotation → Java-based).
 Massive ecosystem with Spring Boot, Spring Data, and
Spring Cloud.
 Fast adoption for building REST APIs, microservices, and
cloud-native apps.
 Large community support with continuous updates.

3.Java EE vs. Spring – In Practice

Feature / Aspect Java EE (Jakarta
EE)
Spring Framework
Type Specification (needs
server
implementation)
Framework +
Ecosystem
Application Servers GlassFish,
JBoss/WildFly,
standalone (Spring
Boot) or in servers

6. WebLogicWorks
Ease of Use More configuration-
heavy
Simple with
annotations & auto-
config
Flexibility Limited to
standards
Highly modular &
customizable
Best For Legacy enterprise
systems, large
corporations
Modern apps,
startups,
microservices
Learning Curve Steeper Developer-friendly

4. Real-World Use Cases

4.1 Java EE Use Cases
Banking Systems: Core banking apps built on EJB + JPA.
Government Portals: Secure, scalable citizen services.
Telecom Billing Systems: Handles millions of transactions.

7. 4.2 Spring Use Cases

 E-commerce Platforms: REST APIs and microservices with
Spring Boot.
 Ride-Sharing Apps: Real-time booking using Spring
WebSockets.
 Cloud-Native Applications: Spring Cloud for distributed
architecture.
 Fintech Apps: Secure payment gateways with Spring
Security.

5. Why Learn Both?

 Java EE gives a solid foundation for understanding
enterprise-level standards.
 Spring provides a modern toolkit for fast development and
microservices.
 Many companies still maintain Java EE apps, but develop
new features in Spring Boot.
 A Full-Stack Java Developer who knows both is in high
demand.

8. ✅ Summary

 Java EE = Standardized, robust, ideal for enterprise-scale
applications.
 Spring = Lightweight, modern, and perfect for cloud-native
& microservices.
 Together, they form the backbone of enterprise Java
development, making you versatile in both legacy and
modern environments.