Introduction to Marine Pollution Control

For reference purpose only.

1. LOB 40103 - INTRODUCTION TO MARINE POLLUTION CONTROL (IMPC) ASSIGNMENT 1

2. Introduction What? Where? When? Who? Why? How? Conclusion and Recommendation Table of Content

3. INTRODUCTION Marine Pollution become more problem in the present day. Pollution directly discharge from land Give harmful effect towards marine environment

4. What? 1.1 What is marine? What is pollution? 1.2 What is marine pollution? 1.3 What is marine pollution control? 1.4 What are the sources of marine pollution? 1.5 What are the impact/effect marine pollution?

5. 1.1.1 Marine? Any activities that related to the sea or sea transport 1.1.1 Pollution? Introduction of thing or substances that harmful and give poisonous effect into the environment. 1.2 Marine Pollution? Marine pollution is the contamination or the presence of pollutants in oceans and seas. 1.3 Marine Pollution Control? Refers to the control measures to prevent and reduce the marine pollution.

6. 1.4 Sources of Marine Pollution 1.4.1 Land Direct discharge from the land industry I.) Agricultural Industry Improper animal waste planning causes the industry to dumped mass of feces into the river and ocean. I.) Food Processing Industry Mass volume of seaweed harvesting process will give impact to the acidity of the ocean. The seaweed and algae dissolve the carbon dioxide in water. As the result, the level of the ocean acidity will decrease

7. III.) Land Mining Industry Materials such as copper and gold is a major source of contamination into the ocean. can interfere with the life cycles of numerous marine organisms and life. IV.) Daily Sewage Wastewater from sources including domestic or industrial liquid waste products Via a pipe or sewer system. Untreated sewage may contain water, nutrients, solids, pathogens, helminths, oils and greases.

8. V.) Plastic, litter and human waste Consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic compounds . Food containers and packaging are the largest component of the ocean solid waste stream (80 million tons)

9. 1.4.2 Shipping Industry I.) Drydocking The sand blasting process use to clean the old ship paint before repaint process happen will affect the marine life. II.) Ship Demolition/Breaking Yard Waste material such as asbestos and toxic material was dumped everywhere at the coastal area An examples, majority ship demolition company at Bangladesh did not have any proper monitoring and regulation control toward marine environment.

10. 1.5.1 Effect of Marine Pollution Sealife Long-term impact toward the marine life. (Decades to recover). Small fishermen who fish in in country boats have not been able to go out fishing . Reduction of the photosynthesis rate in marine life. The growth of underwater ecosystems affected by the accumulation of plastics and rubber that float in the surface of the water. The penetration of light decrease and lead to slow photosynthesis process.

11. 1.5.2 Impact of Marine Pollution Acidification Happen when the level of seawater acidity increase Eutrophication Happen when the marine ecosystem contain more nitrogen and phosphorus. Toxin The toxin will accumulate with the tissue of the many species of aquatic life.

12. 2. Where? Where is the marine pollution exists? I.) River II.) Coastal area III.) Ocean

13. 3 . When? When marine pollution start happened? Since 50 years ago Million tons of garbage dumped every year When the organization start to aware and concern of the impact and effect of marine pollution? Was concerned during several United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) beginning in the 1950s. In Malaysia, MARPOL was applied through Merchant Shipping Ordinance and other environmental act such as Environmental Quality Act 1974 and Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act 1994.

14. 4 . Who? The international body that regulate and monitor marine pollution? International Maritime Organization (IMO) Create the regulation that relate with all pollution accident happen cause by international shipping business. Malaysia national body that regulate and monitor marine pollution? Malaysia Marine Department Prevent and control the marine pollution at Malaysia territorial water.

15. 5 . Why ? Why marine pollution still exist nowadays? Waste material such as plastic not easily to break down Considered food to the marine animals Why the marine pollution must be prevent and mitigate? Uncontrolled pollution will cause some of the marine species extinct. The number of fish become reduce because of the pollution

16. 6 . How? 6.1 How to prevent marine pollution? MARPOL 73/78 For international shipping activities, all ship that registered under IMO must comply with MARPOL 73/78. The objective of MARPOL is aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships for accidental pollution and that from routine operations. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) Parties to the OPRC are required to establish measures for dealing with pollution incidents , either nationally or in co-operation with other countries.

17. 6.2 How to mitigate/reduce the polluted marine environment? Organize a beach clean-up event. Reduce rubbish and usage of plastic Make sure only rain goes down the drain

18. Conclusion and Recommendation Marine environment must be protected to ensure the sustainable development of marine economy The introduction of latest technology and organize marine campaign to local youth should be implement