Introduction-to-Matter-and-Elements.pptx

chemistry

1. Introduction to Matter and Elements Matter is the foundation of our physical world. It is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. In this presentation, we will explore the classification of matter, its states, and dive deeper into the concept of elements - the building blocks of all substances.

2. Learning Objectives: Understand the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures. Define and distinguish between atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Relate the classification of matter to its physical and chemical properties. Apply knowledge to identify and categorise different substances based on their composition.

3. Key Vocabulary · Metals/Non-metals · Elements/Compounds/Mixtures · Physical/Chemical properties · Strong · Ductile · Brittle · Alloy · Sonorous · Thermal/Electrical conductivity · Scientific question · Fair test · Variables (dependent, independent, and control variables)

4. Classification of Matter Pure Substances Made of one element only or one compound only. Cannot be separated by physical means. Mixtures Composed of two or more pure substances. Can be separated by physical means. States of Matter Matter has been classified into three states - solid, liquid, and gas.

5. Elements and Compounds Element A pure substance made up of one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through physical or chemical methods. Compound A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. A compound can be broken down into its elements only by chemical methods. Mixture A type of matter that contains two or more substances that are not joined together.

6. Atoms and Molecules 1 Atom The smallest particle of an element that can exist is known as an atom. It has the chemical properties of an element. Each element contains only one type of atom. 2 Molecule A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically combined. Molecules can be made of atoms of the same type or different type. 3 Monoatomic Elements Group 0 Noble Gases such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are known as monoatomic elements i.e., they exist as individual atoms.

7. Types of Molecules 1 Diatomic Molecules Diatomic molecules are formed by the combination of two atoms. Elements that exist as diatomic molecules are Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H2), Chlorine (Cl2), etc. 2 Molecules of an Element Molecules of an element are made up of the same type of atoms. 3 Polyatomic Molecules Polyatomic molecules are those that contain three or more atoms. Common examples will be ozone (O3) and sulfur (S8).

8. Classification of Elements By State Elements can be classified as solids, liquids, and gases. By Properties Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Example silicon and germanium. Periodic Table The periodic table is a list of all the elements on Earth. Most of the elements are metals.

9. The Periodic Table Location of Metals Metals are found on the left of the stepped line in the periodic table Location of Non-metals Non-metals are found towards the right of the periodic table Location of Metalloids Metalloids form a staircase between metals and nonmetals

10. Conclusion: The Importance of Understanding Matter Fundamental Knowledge Understanding matter and elements provides a foundation for all scientific studies. Chemical Reactions Knowledge of elements and compounds is crucial for understanding chemical reactions. Industrial Applications Classification of matter and elements is essential for various industrial processes and material science.