introduction_to_measurement_systems_full.pptx

measurement and instrumentation, introduction to measurement systems.

1. Introduction to Measurement Systems Definitions, Units, Standards, SI System, Measurement Process

2. Definition of Measurement Systems • A measurement system is a set of instruments, standards, and procedures used to determine the value of a physical quantity. • In engineering, measurement systems provide the foundation for analysis, control, and design.

3. Units of Measurement • Units provide a reference for expressing physical quantities. • Two types: - Fundamental units (e.g., meter, kilogram, second). - Derived units (e.g., velocity = m/s, force = N). • Consistency in units ensures accurate communication and calculations.

4. Measurement Standards • Standards define the accepted reference for a unit of measurement. • Types of standards: - Primary standards: defined by international agreement. - Secondary standards: calibrated against primary. • Example: The meter is defined based on the speed of light.

5. SI System of Units • International System of Units (SI) is the globally accepted system. • Base SI Units: - Length: meter (m) - Mass: kilogram (kg) - Time: second (s) - Electric current: ampere (A) - Temperature: kelvin (K) - Amount of substance: mole (mol) - Luminous intensity: candela (cd). • Ensures uniformity in engineering and science.

6. Measurement Process • Steps in measurement: 1. Identify the measurand (the physical quantity to be measured). 2. Select appropriate sensor/instrument. 3. Transduce the physical signal into readable form. 4. Process and display data. 5. Interpret and analyze results. • Example: Measuring temperature with a thermocouple -> converts heat to voltage -> displayed as °C.