introduction to medical terminology pptx

medical terminology

1. introduction to medical terminology Dr. Hayat AL AKOUM

2. Objectives Definition of Medical terminology Importance of medical terminology Medical word elements Word roots Combining forms Prefixes Suffixes Basic rules

3. Objectives Defining medical words Building medical words Pronunciation Guidelines

4. Definition Medical terminology is language that is used to accurately describe the human body and associated components, conditions, processes and procedures in a science-based manner. Some examples are: R.I.C.E., trapezius, and latissimus dorsi. It is to be used in the medical and nursing fields.

5. Definition The words – or terms – which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field…known as medical terminology . Like every other language, medical terminology has changed over time and will continue to change. Most medical terms come from the Greek and Latin languages. 6

6. importance of the medical terminology Simplify communication/break down the language barrier. Easy understanding(common language) They are specific terminologies, thus makes no need to use general terminology

7. word elements The medical word contains all or some of these; Word Elements Word root Combining form Suffixes Prefixes E.g. Dermat itis = defined as the inflammation of the skin. Skin(word root) Inflammation(suffix)

8. Word elements T o n sil lec t o m y ctomy(remove) Tonsil(root) oli g o sper m ia Prefix(Little ) word root suffix(state/conditions) Peri tonsill itis = Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tonsil Around(prefix) tonsil(Root) inflammation(suffix)

9. Word root A root is the basic element of a word , and it is the foundation on which the meaning of a word is built. Many roots are real words in their own right and term. Although these roots can have other elements, they don't need other elements to be complete. A root can be a whole word or a part of a word . 10

10. Word roots All medical terms have at least one word root E.g . of Respiratory system word roots and the meaning Alveol ………. Alveolus(one), Alveoli(many) Bronch……….Bronchus/bronchi Epiglott ………Epiglottis Lob……………..Lobe Nas …………….Nose Or ………………Mouth

11. Combining forms Combining (Linking ) forms is formed when a word root is combined with a vowel. usually “ o ”, but occasionally “ e ” or “ i ”. i.e Combined form = word root + o 12

12. Combining forms v o w el Word root B r onc h + i / o/u Epiglott + I eg Bronchus/Bronchiectasis eg Epiglottitis Pha r yng + i / o Or + a eg Pharyngitis/ pha r yn g o t onsi l itis eg oral

13. PREFIX 14 A prefix is a word component placed in front of a root/word to change or modify its meaning. A prefix can give a root direction or position. It can also give a root a specific type/ classification, quality, or quantity.

14. Common Prefixes 15 Homo- same, similar Hyster- uterus Men- menstruation Quadri- four Re- back, again Super- above, beyond Tri- three Ab- away from midline Acu- needle Anti- against Auto- self Bi- two, both, double Dys- abnormal, bad, painful Hemi- half Hetero- opposite, different

15. More Prefixes! 16 Epi- upon, over, above Ex- out, out of Hyper- excessive, above, too much, over, beyond Hypo- less than, under, below, deficient A-, An- without, none Bio- life Brady- slow Circum- around, encircling Contra- against Dys- difficult, painful, bad, abnormal Endo- within

16. prefixes continued 17 Poly- many, much Post- after, behind Sub- under, below, beneath Supra- above, on the top side Tachy- fast Trans- across, over Hydro- fluid, water Inter- between Intra- within Mal- ill, bad Multi- many, more than one Neo- new or abnormal

17. SUFFIX A suffix is a word component added to the end of a root/word that changes or modifies its usage, function, or meaning. suffix 18

18. suffixes: surgical procedures 19 -centesis – to puncture/tap to draw fluid from - ectomy – excision, removal, cut out -pexy - fixation - plasty – surgical repair, correction -rrhaphy – suture -sect – to cut -stomy – forming a new opening - tomy – incision into, cut into -tripsy – to crush, break down -puncture – to pierce a surface Moe, after the bandages come off and the wounds heal, you’ll still be a pig.

19. suffixes: diagnostic procedures 20 - gram – written record, recording -graph – instrument for recording -graphy – process of recording -manometer – instrument for measuring pressure -manometry – process of measuring pressure -meter – instrument for measuring -metery – process of measuring -opsy – to view -scope - instrument for examining -scopy – process of examining, examination

20. suffixes: 5 rrh’s 21 -rrhagia – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge - rrhage – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge - rrhaphy – suture -rrhea – flow, discharge -rrhexis - rupture

21. suffixes: pertaining to… 22 Suffixes that all mean pertaining to: -ac (cardiac) -al (dental) -ar (tonsilar) -ary (pulmonary) -ia (bradycardia) -ic (gastric) -ical (chemical) -ium (cardium) -ous (mucous) -tic (pancreatic) -us (hydrocephalus)

22. More Suffixes! 23 -algia, -algesia – pain -cele – herniation, swelling -cide – killing, agent that kills -cyte - cell -emia – blood condition - ist – specialist -itis – inflammation -logist – one who studies, specialist -logia, -logy – the study of -lysis – destruction, break down -megaly – enlarged

23. MORE SUFFIXES 24 - oma – tumor, mass -opia, -opsia – vision - pathy – disease -plasm – growth/formation of tissue -pnea – breath, breathing -porosis – porous, decrease in density -ptosis – drooping, prolapsed -ptysis – spitting, spit up -spasm – twitching, involuntary contraction -therapy – treatment

24. Rules! 25 To define medical terms, divide or slash them into their component parts; these word components are called prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Use the hyphen ( - ) after the word component to indicate that it is a prefix; use it after the combining form to indicate that it needs a suffix; use it before the word component to indicate it is a suffix. For example: Epi-gastr/o/-cele

25. more rules ! 26 Use the combining vowel “o” when a suffix begins with a consonant. i.e Termin/o/logy Use the combining vowel “o” when combining two roots only if the second root begins with a consonant. i.e. Pneum/o/thorax Do not use the combining vowel “o” if you are combining a second root that begins with a vowel or a suffix that begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y). i.e. Pneum/arthr/osis Add –y to a word to indicate a procedure (gastroscopy) or –ly to indicate an act or process (splenomegaly).

26. And More Rules!! 27 The suffix –osis always denotes a condition (usually abnormal). When combined with the color roots erythr/o- (red) and leuk/o- (white), it represents a condition of abnormally increased blood cells. Most of the time, word components denoting color are used as prefixes. However, sometimes they are the root of the medical term.

27. case study Which of the following is a root word? anti- hepat- -itis -emia

28. Case Study (cont’d) The prefix “ tachy- ” means: above outside fast higher

29. Case Study (cont’d) If a patient is complaining of dyspnea, he has what condition? chest pain stomach ache nausea trouble breathing

30. Case Study (cont’d) The suffix “ -logy ” refers to: study of occurring after within pertaining to

31. case Study - Matching ______ 1. Arthritis ______ 2. Myodynia ______ 3. Hepatomegaly ______ 4. Apnea ______ 5. Hematuria ______ 6. Dysuria ______ 7. Hysterectomy ______ 8. Osteomalacia ______ 9. Aphasia ______10. Otorrhea difficult or painful urination absence of breathing pain in a muscle softening of the bone discharge from the ear surgical removal of the uterus enlargement of the liver inflammation of a joint loss of speech blood in the urine