Introduction to microcontroller

Introduction to Microcontroller

1. A Presentation
on
Microcontroller
Presented BY:
Name: Rajib Kumar Roy
ID No:1302002
Reg No:04176
Session:2013-14

2. CONTENTS
Introduction.
Components.
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller.
Microcontroller Programming.
Advantages of Microcontroller.
Why Choose Microcontroller.
Real-Life Applications.
Popular Microcontrollers.
Major Market players.
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3. WHAT ARE MICROCONTROLLERS ?
Amicro-controllerisafunctionalcomputersystem-on-a-
chip.Itcontainsaprocessorcore,memoryandprogrammableinput/output
peripherals.
Micro suggests that the device is small and controller tells you that the device
might be used to control objects, processes or events.
Another term to describe a microcontrolleris embedded controller because
the microcontrollerand its support circuits are often built into or embedded
inthedevicestheycontrol.

4. Microcontrollers
Microcontrollers are small computing systems on a single chip.
A microcontroller will also be referred to as an MCU.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Program memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
EEPROM -Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory
USARTs, Timer/Counters, ADC, DAC, I/O Ports, CANs, SPIs,
etc.
Examples : Motorola’s 6811,Intel’s 8051,Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X.
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Serial
Port
CPURAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
A single chip

5. Components.
A Microcontroller has seven main components:
1-Central processing unit (CPU)
2-ROM
3-RAM
4-Input and Output
5-Timer
6-Interrupt circuitry
7-Buses
8-Oscillatory circuits

6. General-purpose microprocessor:
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CPU for Computers
Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
CPU
General-
Purpose
Micro-
processor
RAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Data Bus
Address Bus
Many chips on motherboard

7. Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone,
RAM,
ROM, I/O, timer are
separate
designer can decide on
the
amount of ROM, RAM
and
I/O ports.
Expansive
versatility
general-purpose
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Microcontroller
•CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O
and
timer are all on a
single
chip
•fix amount of on-chip
ROM, RAM, I/O ports
•Highly bit addressable
•for applications in
which cost, power
and space are critical
•single-purpose

8. Microcontroller programming
Microcontroller
programming is
very much similar to
the programming
language ‘C’.

9. Microcontroller programming
Microcontroller
program
C
program

10. Advantages of Microcontroller
As the peripherals are integrated into a single chip, the overall
system cost is very less
The product is of small size compared to micro processor based
system
The system design now requires very little efforts
As the peripherals are integrated with a microprocessor the system is
more reliable
Though microcontroller may have on chip ROM,RAM and I/O ports,
addition ROM, RAM I/O ports may be interfaced externally if
required
On chip ROM provide a software security

11. Three criteria in Choosing a
Microcontroller
meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently
and cost effectively
speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O
ports and timers, size, packaging, power consumption
easy to upgrade
cost per unit
Noise of environment
availability of software development tools
assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulator, simulator,
technical support
wide availability and reliable sources of the
microcontrollers

12. Applications of microcontrollers
Cell phone
Pager
Watch
Calculator
video games
Alarm clock
Air conditioner
TV remote
Microwave oven
Washing machines
An electronic smart weight display system
Robotic system
An anti-lock braking system monitor
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13. Popular Microcontrollers
8051 (Intel and others)
80386 EX (Intel)
PIC (Microchip)
68HC05 (Motorola)
Z8 (Zilog)

14. Major market players
1.Texas Instruments.
2.Atmel Corporation.
3.Microchip.
4.RenesasTechnology Corp.
5.Intel Corporation.
6.STMicroelectronics.
7.FreescaleSemiconductor.

15. Thank you all