Introduction to Microprocessorrss_2.pptx

introduction to microprocessors

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MICROPROCESSORS_2 1 PNEC

2. 2 What is a ‘Microprocessor’? Microprocessor : The heart of microprocessor-based computer system Three main tasks performed by a Microprocessor: 1- Data transfer between itself and the memory or I/O systems 2- Simple arithmetic and logic operations 3- Program flow via simple decisions PNEC

3. Evolution of MP 4004 : 4-bit microprocessor. 4KB main memory. 45 instructions. PMOS technology. 50 KIPS 8008 : 8-bit version of 4004. 16KB main memory. 48 instructions. NMOS technology. 3 PNEC

4. Evolution of MP 8080 : 8-bit microprocessor. 64KB main memory. 500,000 instructions/sec. 10X faster than 8008. 8085 : 8-bit microprocessor upgraded version of the 8080. 64KB main memory. 769,230 instructions/sec. 246 instructions. Intel sold 100 million copies of this 8-bit microprocessor. 4 PNEC

5. Evolution of MP 8086 & 8088 : 16-bit microprocessor. 1MB main memory. 2.5 MIPS 4- or 6-byte instruction cache. Other improvements included more registers and additional instructions. PNEC 5

6. Evolution of MP 80286:16-bit microprocessor very similar instruction set to the 8086. 16 MB main memory. 4.0 MIPS (250 ns/8MHz). PNEC 6

7. Evolution of MP Pentium: 32-bit microprocessor, 4GB main memory. 64-bit data bus and 32-bit address bus. 16KB cache (split instruction & data: 8KB each). Memory transfers at 66MHz PNEC 7