Introduction to Non-Experimental Research Non-experimental research is a broad category of research designs that do not involve manipulating variables or implementing interventions

Introduction to Non-Experimental Research
Non-experimental research is a broad category of research designs that do not involve manipulating variables or implementing interventions. Instead, it involves observing and analyzing phenomena as they naturally occur, making it suitable for descriptive, correlational, and observational studies. Non-experimental research is crucial in fields where experimental manipulation is impractical, unethical, or impossible, such as in many areas of social sciences, education, and healthcare.

1. Non –Experimental Research
Advantages:
1. Practical
2. Variables are ethically manipulated
3. Certain variables are not amenable for
randomizations
4. Certain variables can be studied in the
naturalistic settings.

2. Non-Exp. Types
1.Correlation Research
Retrospective-From effect to cause
Prospective From cause to effect
2.Natural Experiments-studies the effect of disaster
on people health
3. Path Analytical-tests the causal model
4.Descriptive Correlational
5. Univariate Descriptive Prevalence and incidence
6.Outcome Research-of the health programe

3. Replication studies-Identical ,method,
Implication replication
Methodological study-devpt, validation of
tools.
Survey-Behavior, attitude, are assessed.
Need Assessment-Needs of the study
Secondary analysis –Unexplored relationships
from previous research
meta analysis-Findings of prior research on
the same topic as one unit are analysed.
Delphi Technique-Experts feedback-
analysis-feedback-response to solve
problems.

4. Qualitative Research:Studies done in the natural
setting
1.Ethnography-Study the culture of a group of a
people
2. Phenomenology: Lived in experience of the people
3. Grounded theory: Social structures of the people
4. Historical research: Past concepts are studied
5. Case studies: An individual, groups are studied
^. Feminist: Gender dominations, discrimations
studied
Participatory action : Oppressed community by
dominant culture are studied.