Introduction to Organ on a Chip with examples of Brain, Kidnes.pptx

**Organ-on-a-Chip: Brain, Skin, and Kidney Models**

This SlideShare presentation explores the innovative and rapidly evolving field of organ-on-a-chip technology. Presented by Ziaul Hasan and Jahid Hasan from the Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUET, the slides provide a detailed look at how microfluidic platforms are revolutionizing biomedical research and therapeutic development. The focus of the presentation includes models for the brain, skin, and kidney, showcasing their development, applications, and potential for transforming healthcare.

### **Introduction to Organ-on-a-Chip**

Organ-on-a-chip devices are microfluidic systems that replicate the structure, function, and physiological responses of human organs on a miniaturized scale. These chips provide a simplified yet highly functional representation of human organs, offering a reliable platform for studying diseases, testing drugs, and advancing personalized medicine. By mimicking organ behavior more accurately than traditional 2D cell cultures or animal models, organ-on-a-chip technology bridges critical gaps in translational research.

### **Brain-on-a-Chip**

The brain-on-a-chip is a groundbreaking innovation designed to emulate the complexities of the human brain. Given the brain's unique sensitivity and inability to repair itself, this model is critical for studying neurological diseases, drug interactions, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Key aspects covered in the presentation include:

- **Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) on a Chip**:
- Replicates the selective permeability of the BBB, essential for understanding drug delivery and neurotoxic effects.
- Highlighted by Vanderbilt University's model, which sheds light on conditions like stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.

- **Cell Cultures and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)**:
- Enable the creation of personalized brain models for studying individual responses to treatments.

This section underscores the potential of brain-on-a-chip technology to transform neurological research and therapeutic strategies.

### **Skin-on-a-Chip**

Skin-on-a-chip platforms mimic the structure and function of human skin, enabling studies on skin diseases, wound healing, and drug testing. The presentation elaborates on the layered structure of the skin and the innovative approaches to creating functional skin models:

- **Skin Layers**:
- **Epidermis**: Outermost layer composed of keratinocytes.
- **Dermis**: Beneath the epidermis, providing protection against stress.
- **Hypodermis**: Fat storage layer offering insulation and cushioning.

- **Types of Skin-on-a-Chip Models**:
- **Transferred Models**:
- Incorporate pre-grown skin fragments, such as biopsies or lab-engineered skin (HSE).
- Examples include chips designed by Kim et al. for studying immune responses and by Abaci et al. for drug testing.
- **In Situ Models**:
- Cultivate skin layers directly within the chip, allowing dynamic studies of skin biolog

1. ‹#› Organ on a Chip (Brain, Skin, Kidney) Presented by Ziaul Hasan Student with id 1911001 Dept of BME, CUET Jahid Hasan Student with id 1911018 Dept of BME, CUET

2. ‹#› Agenda Organ on a Chip Brain on a Chip Skin on a Chip Kidney on a Chip Q&A

3. ‹#› Organ on a Chip

4. ‹#› Simplified Representation of Reality Solar Model

5. ‹#› Jack Kilby Nobel Prize of physics (2000) Invented Chip (1958)

6. ‹#› Model Function of Some Organ

7. Brain on a Chip ‹#›

8. ‹#› You have only one brain If it breaks you will get crazy or you will die We need a model of Brain

9. ‹#› Other Animals

10. ‹#› Cell Culture

11. Cell culture on a Chip ‹#›

12. ‹#› induced pluripotent stem cell

13. Blood Brain Barrier model on a Chip ‹#›

14. Blood Brain Barrier ‹#›

15. Blood Brain Barrier on a Chip ‹#› Ref: Vanderbilt University (2016). Blood-brain barrier on a chip sheds new light on 'Silent Killer'.

16. ‹#› Skin on a Chip Skin-on-a-chip devices mimic the structure and function of human skin that are used for studying skin diseases, testing drugs, and understanding skin interactions. https://www.researchgate.net

17. ‹#› SKIN STRUCTURE Epidermis → Outermost layer of the skin. Composed of stratified layers of keratinocytes.

18. ‹#› D ermis → Located beneath the epidermis. Made up of dense irregular connective tissue and protecting against stress and strain . Hypod ermis → Innermost layer of the skin. Primarily functions as fat storage. Now focusing on developing 3D vascularized skin models using dynamic systems called skin-on-a-chip

19. ‹#› Two types of skin-on-a-chip model: Transferred Skin-on-a-Chip In Situ Skin-on-a-Chip Transferred Skin-on-a-Chip → Skin biopsy or HSE is placed into the chip. Kim et al. designed a chip where a piece of human skin biopsy. Abaci et al. created a chip where lab-made skin (HSE) was placed on a membrane

20. ‹#› Designed chip By skin biopsy Designed to study how neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) respond to skin infections. A channel for the skin biopsy A circuit for blood circulation filter or membrane

21. ‹#› Designed chip With HSE Model was used to study drug testing and how substances move through the skin.

22. In Situ Skin-on-a-Chip In situ skin-on-a-chip approach involves growing skin models directly inside the chip, rather than placing pre-grown skin fragments into the device. In situ skin-on-a-chip platforms → Two-Channel Device TEER Measurement Chip ‹#›

23. Two-Channel Device Device is a valuable tool for understanding skin biology, testing new drugs, and studying diseases Device used to create the dermal compartment. After creating the dermis, keratinocytes (the cells that make up the outer skin layer) are added through the upper channel to form the epidermis ‹#›

24. TEER Measurement Chip This chip also features two channels and is designed to measure transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), a technique that assesses the integrity of the skin barrier . TEER measurements help researchers ‹#›

25. Kidney on a chip Researchers have successfully built chips that replicate different parts of the nephron. ‹#›

26. Microfluidics Kidney-on-Chip Device assembly, sandwiching together a PDMS channel, polyester membrane, and PDMS reservoir using plasma bonding. ‹#›

27. Proximal tubule-on-a-chip by Ingber’s group Designed to replicate the structure and function of the human proximal tubule. ‹#›

28. ‹#› Anything to Add?