INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY PRACTICE.maj.pptx

Introduction to Pharmacy Practice

1. INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY PRACTICE MRS MULENGA

2. WHY STUDY PHARMACY????

3. You are interested in how drugs work Want to be part of the health care team Plenty of jobs You want to own your own business You want to undertake research

4. What is pharmacy???? The art and science of manufacturing, dispensing drugs and biologicals to prevent or cure disease hence preserving the health of humanity at large Pharmacy is derived from a greek word “ pharmakon ” which mean remedy

5. STEPS TO BECOMING A PHARMACIST Undergraduate: bachelor of pharmacy degree Post graduate: master of pharmacy degree Doctor of philosophy degree: PhD What we as pharmacists believe our proffession to be determines what it is....Wendell T. Hill Jr

6. Introduction 6 Unlike the other curricula Pharmacy is a product, as well as, service related discipline, increasing its scope two-fold. It is involved in all the stages related to a drug, from its discovery, development, action, safety, formulation, use, quality control, packaging, storage, marketing, etc. Thus, today's pharmacy professional is a ''drug expert'' in the real sense. The profession of pharmacy evolved as a multidisciplinary curriculum.

7. What is pharmacy practice Pharmacy practice encompasses the roles, responsibilities, and activities of pharmacists in various settings. It is aimed at ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes for patients. It involves a range of functions such as: dispensing medications providing clinical services patient education health promotion.

8. Pharmacy Practice 8 a course that provides students with the basic knowledge, skills and attitudes of the profession of pharmacy. The course further introduces the students to the history of pharmacy and highlights some of the professional roles of the pharmacist within the healthcare system. The understanding of the pharmacy profession and its responsibilities to patient care and society at large gained by the pharmacy students will equip them with the necessary information to enable them appreciate the profession and further be able to provide optimal pharmaceutical care.

9. Aim of pharmacy practice The aim of pharmacy practice is to optimize the use of medications to achieve the best possible health outcomes for patients. This involves ensuring the safe, effective, and rational use of drugs, enhancing patient care, and promoting public health The welfare of the patient is the pharmacists prime concern at all times Our job is no longer count, pour, lick and stick

10. Scope of pharmacy

11. Seven Essential Roles of the Pharmacist ( WHO 11 A pharmacist is a: Care Giver Decision Maker Communicator Leader Manager and Entrepreneur Life-Long learner Teacher

12. Five Essential Roles of the Pharmacist (Pfizer) 12 Drug delivery and medication safety Patient education Monitoring drug therapy Teaming with other health care providers Research and clinical studies

13. Career Opportunities 13 Production & Manufacturing Research & Development Analysis & Testing Marketing Hospital Pharmacy Community Pharmacy Academics Regulatory Affairs Documentation, Library Information Services & Pharma . Journalism

14. Producti Career Opportunities on & Manufacturing 14 Production and manufacturing A pharmacy professional can work as a production person, involved in the production of bulk drug & intermediates or formulations and dosage forms. Blood products Industries like the cosmetics, soaps, toiletries segment dental products like toothpaste, mouthwashes etc. Production of biological products, surgical dressings, medical devices & equipment, alternative medicines also involve the presence of pharmacy professionals in its production. Other areas where pharmacy professionals are required are in production of veterinary medicine, perfumery, nutraceuticals

15. Research & Development 15 Research and development This forms the heart of any industry, as it is the key to growth and sustenance. Mainly M Pharms & PhDs are in great demand in the various areas of Pharmaceutical R&D. Other areas where professionals are required are: New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR) Process Development (P&D) Formulation & Development (F&D)

16. Research & Development 16 Research and developement Clinical Trials, Bioequivalence studies, Toxicological Studies: These are some of the areas of clinical research which are in high demand as they are involved in the systematic evaluation of potential drug substances prior to getting them approved by the authorities

17. Analysis & Testing 17 Any drug or dosage form for human use has to be of excellent quality and purity, free from any impurities. The permissible limits of impurities, which either occurs through the manufacturing process, equipment, raw materials, handling or storage, are very stringent.

18. Analysis & Testing 18 Analysis and testing Therefore , Quality control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) are the most integral areas of the drug & pharmaceutical industry. Highly specialized and trained staff is required to handle sensitive analytical procedures & sophisticated equipment. MPharm & PhDs in Pharm Analysis /Q.A. are highly preferred for this job. Quality Assurance is process oriented and focuses on defect prevention Quality control is product oriented and focuses on defect identification.

19. Marketing Marketing Any business is incomplete without the marketing & sales aspect, as the universal fact is that any thing produced has to be sold. The Pharma ceutical Sales & Marketing is a highly technical field & offers excellent opportunities for the pharmacy graduates. Additional qualification like M.B.A. adds to your CV. An aspirant of a highly bright future can enter through various openings like starting his own retail or wholesale drug store or becoming a professional sales representative (known as medical Sales Representative or M.R.) to the levels of International Marketing & Exports. The rewards are the very good.

20. Hospital P harmacy 20 Another opening for a Pharmacy professional is as a "Registered Pharmacist" in the hospitals or drug stores. This is a key position and the Pharmacist plays an important role form preparing prescription to the patient's medial history after the Medical doctor has diagnosed the disease. The Pharmacist is the best-informed qualified drug expert whose advice is sought by every body regarding the dosage, incompatibilities and side effects of drugs

21. Community P harmacy acy 21 Through the services of community pharmacy a Pharmacist becomes a vital link between the patients and the products i.e., drugs. The pharmacist also serves a vital link between the patients and other healthcare professionals, especially the medical experts. Role of Pharmacist in Community Pharmacy ● Evaluates a patient's drug-related needs ● Determine whether the patient has any actual or potential drug- related problems, ● Works with the patient and other healthcare professionals to design, implement and monitor a therapeutic plan that will resolve/prevent the problem

22. Academics 22 Excellent opportunities for the professionals are available in teaching profession also. The minimum entry-level qualification as lecturer is M.Pharm . This is a profession associated with job satisfaction and social status as teaching is considered to be noble profession. The Rewards are satisfactory. Besides teaching Academic related opportunities involve positions on Research Posts and Training programs.

23. REGULATORY PHARMACY 23 Locally ZAMRA (Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority) is the main regulatory body governing and implementing the rules and regulations for the Drug & Pharma industry. ZAMRA has branches all over the country. The job opportunities for Pharmacy graduates are excellent Regulatory experts are thus in great demand. Since, the field is highly technical . Pharmacy professionals again fit in these positions.

24. Library Information Services 24 The R & D & Q.C. Departments of the Pharmaceutical Companies need a wealth of Technical information, which needs to be updated regularly, in order to match the pace of global competition. - Therefore, Library Information services is another field in much demand as far as the Pharma ceutical industry is concerned.

25. Pharmaceutical Journalism 25 Pharmaceutical Journalism is another area filled with great potentialities. This requires specialist technical personnel like pharmacy graduates on the editorial staff to cover the various aspects.

26. The Evolution of the Role of the Pharmacist 26 Transitions in Health Care: - Specialized Care → Primary Care - Cost Unaware → Cost Aware - Institution Based → Community Based - Acute Treatment → Chronic Mgmt. - Individual Patient → Pop. Perspective - Curative Care → Preventative Care - Individual Provider → Team Provider - Competition → Cooperation

27. Specialti Pharmacy S pecialisations armacy Practice (Clinical Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Specialties) 27 1- Nuclear Pharmacy (CCNP) 2- General Pharmacotherapy (CCGPS) 3- Nutrition Support Pharmacy (CCNSP) 4- Psychiatric Pharmacy (CCPP) 5- Oncology Pharmacy (CCOP) 6- Pediatric Pharmacy (CCPCP) 7- Obstetrics and Gynecology (CCOGP)

28. Pharmaceutical Care 28 Pharmaceutical care is the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life. these outcomes are: Cure of disease Elimination or reduction of a patient's symptoms Arresting or slowing of a disease process Preventing a disease or symptoms