Introduction to Pylab and Matploitlib.

All basic information about Pylab and Matploitlib with examples in detail

1. Exploring Pylab in Python with examples Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology Computer (Shift-1) 8 th Semester Group 3 (Morning)

2. Prepared by: Name Enrollment No Dhameyia Vatsalkumar Nareshbhai 140420107012 Shah Dhrashti Paramal 140420107013 Dudhwala Francy Kalpesh 140420107014 Dumasia Yazad Dumasia 140420107015 Prof. Niriali Nanavati Prof. Rachana Oza Guided by 2

3. Content: A glimpse of what is to come Introduction to Pylab Introduction to Matplotlib Few basic libraries along with Matplotlib How to install matplotlib in our computer Formatting the Plot Few type of basic Plot Reference 3

4. PyLab is actually embedded inside Matplotlib and provides a Matlab like experience for the user. It imports portions of Matplotlib and NumPy . Many examples on the web use it as a simpler MATLAB like experience, but it is not recommended anymore as it doesn't nurture understanding of Python itself, thus leaving you in a limited environment. Introduction to Pylab 4

5. Pylab is a module that belongs to the python mathematics library matplotlib. Pylab is one kind of “magic function” that can call within ipython or interactive python. By invoking it, python interpreter will import matplotlib and numpy modules for accessing their built-in functions. Pylab combines the numerical module numpy with the graphical plotting module pyplot .  Pylab was designed with the interactive python interpreter in mind, and therefore many of its functions are short and require minimal typing. Introduction to Pylab 5

6. Matplotlib is a library for making 2D plots of arrays in Python. Although it has its origins in emulating the MATLAB graphics commands, it is independent of MATLAB, and can be used in a Pythonic, object oriented way. Although Matplotlib is written primarily in pure Python, it makes heavy use of NumPy and other extension code to provide good performance even for large arrays. Matplotlib is designed with the philosophy that you should be able to create simple plots with just a few commands, or just one! If you want to see a histogram of your data, you shouldn’t need to instantiate objects, call methods, set properties, and so on; it should just work. Introduction to Matplotlib 6

7. 7 Few basic libraries along with Matplotlib NumPy : NumPy, the Numerical Python package, forms much of the underlying numerical foundation that everything else here relies on. Or in other words, it is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. For use this library , import NumPy as np E.g. import numpy as np print np.log2(8) returns 3, as 2 3 =8 . For this form, log2(3) will return an error, as log2 is unknown to Python without the np. Or else this would like from numpy import * log2(8) which returns 3. However, np.log2(3) will no longer work but it not preferable as by coder.

8. 8 8 Pyplot: Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter. Example of Pyplot : Few basic libraries along with Matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4]) plt.ylabel('some numbers on Y-axis’) plt.xlabel('some numbers on X-axis’) plt.show()

9. 9 How to install matplotlib in windows 10 Setting Path for Python 2.7.13 in windows in order download of matplotlib: Necessary path required for in order download matplotlib

10. 10 Install matplotlib via command prompt in windows: Setp2. Install of matplotlib via CMD Step 1. In order install package in python we have update your package manager

11. 11 How to install matplotlib in Ubuntu Linux Step 1:Open up a bash shell. Step 2:Type in the following command to download and install Matplotlib: sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib Step 3:Type in the administrators password to proceed with the install. How to install matplotlib in CentOS Linux Step 1:Open up a terminal. Step 2:Type in the following command to download and install Matplotlib: sudo yum install python-matplotlib Step 3:It will proceed to the install from internet.

12. 12 Changing the Color of line and style of line: It is very useful to plot more than one set of data on same axes and to differentiate between them by using different line & marker styles and colors . plylab.plot(X,Y,par) You can specify the color by inserting 3 rd parameter into the plot() method. Matplotlib offers a variety of options for color , linestyle and marker . Formatting the Plot

13. 13 Color code Color Displayed r Red b Blue g Green c Cyan m Magenta y Yellow k Black w White Marker code Marker Displayed + Plus Sign . Dot O Circle * Star p Pentagon s Square x X Character D Diamond h Hexagon ^ Triangle Line style code Line Style Displayed - Solid Line -- Dashed Line : Dotted Line -. Dash-Dotted line None No Connecting Lines Formatting codes

14. 14 It is very important to always label the axis of plots to tell the user or viewer what they are looking at which variable as X- axis and Y-axis. Command use in for label in python: pl.xlabel(‘X-axis variable’) pl.ylabel(‘Y-axis variable’) Your can add title for your plot by using python command : pl.title(‘Put your title’) You can save output of your plot as image: plt.savefig(“output.png") You can also change the x and y range displayed on your plot: pl.xlim(x_low,x_high) pl.ylim(y_low,y_high) Plot and Axis titles and limits

15. 15 Line Plot Scatter Plot Histograms Plot Pie Chart Subplot Few type of basic Plot:

16. 16 Line Plot: A line plot is used to relate the value of x to particular value y import numpy as nmp import pylab as pyl x=[1,2,3,4,5] y=[1,8,5,55,66] pyl.plot(x,y,linestyle="-.",marker="o",color="red") pyl.title("Line Plot Demo") pyl.xlabel("X-axis") pyl.ylabel("Y-axis") pyl.savefig("line_demo.png") pyl.show() import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, (ax1) = plt.subplots(1) x = np.linspace(0, 1, 10) for j in range(10): ax1.plot(x, x * j) plt.savefig("one_many.png") plt.show()

17. 17 Scatter Plot : A Scatter plot is used the position of each element is scattered. import numpy as nmp import pylab as pyl x=nmp.random.randn(1,100) y=nmp.random.randn(1,100) pyl.title("Scatter Plot Demo\n") pyl.scatter(x,y,s=20,color="red") #s denote size of dot pyl.savefig("scatter_demo.png") pyl.show() import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x = [0,2,4,6,8,10] y = [0]*len(x) s = [20*2**n for n in range(len(x))] plt.scatter(x,y,s=s,color="green") plt.savefig("radom_plot_dots.png") plt.show()

18. 18 Pie chart Plot : A pie graph (or pie chart) is a specialized graph used in statistics. The independent variable is plotted around a circle in either a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction. The dependent variable (usually a percentage) is rendered as an arc whose measure is proportional to the magnitude of the quantity. The independent variable can attain a finite number of discrete values. The dependent variable can attain any value from zero to 100 percent. import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot x_list = [10, 12, 50] label_list = ["Python", "Artificial Intelligence", "Project"] pyplot.axis("equal") pyplot.pie(x_list,labels=label_list,autopct="%1.0f%%") #autopct show the percentage of each element pyplot.title("Subject of Final Semester") pyplot.savefig("pie_demo.png") pyplot.show()

19. 19 Explode Pie chart Plot : import numpy as nmp import pylab as ptl labels = ["Python", "Artificial Intelligence", "Project"] sizes=[13,16,70] colors=["gold","yellowgreen","lightblue"] explode = (0.1,0.1,0.1) ptl.axis("equal") ptl.pie(sizes,explode=explode,labels=labels,colors=colors,autopct="%1.1f%%",shadow=True,startangle=110) ptl.legend(labels,loc="upper left") ptl.title("Subject of Final Semester") ptl.savefig("pie_explode_demo.png") ptl.show()

20. 20 Subplot : subplot(m,n,p) divides the current figure into an m-by-n grid and creates axes in the position specified by p. The first subplot is the first column of the first row, the second subplot is the second column of the first row, and so on. If axes exist in the specified position, then this command makes the axes the current axes.

21. 21 Subplot : import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np np.random.seed(0) dt = 0.01 Fs = 1/dt t = np.arange(0, 10, dt) nse = np.random.randn(len(t)) r = np.exp(-t/0.05) cnse = np.convolve(nse, r)*dt cnse = cnse[:len(t)] s = 0.1*np.sin(2*np.pi*t) + cnse plt.subplot(3, 2, 1) plt.plot(t, s) plt.title(' Simple demo of spectrum anaylsis’) plt.ylabel('Frequency'+'\n') #plt.savefig("spr1.png") plt.subplot(3, 2, 3) plt.magnitude_spectrum(s, Fs=Fs) plt.xlabel('Energy') plt.ylabel('Frequency'+'\n') #plt.savefig("spr2.png") plt.subplot(3, 2, 4) plt.magnitude_spectrum(s, Fs=Fs, scale='dB') plt.xlabel('Energy') plt.ylabel(' ') #plt.savefig("spr3.png") plt.subplot(3, 2, 5) plt.angle_spectrum(s, Fs=Fs) plt.xlabel('Energy') plt.ylabel('Frequency'+'\n') #plt.savefig("sp4.png") plt.subplot(3, 2, 6) plt.phase_spectrum(s, Fs=Fs) plt.xlabel('Energy') plt.ylabel(' ') plt.savefig("spr_demo.png") plt.show()

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23. 23 Reference https://matplotlib.org

24. 24 Thank You…