Introduction to python for the abs .pptx

This is a document to introduce software engineering student to the world of python programming

1. INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

2. WHAT IS PYTHON Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991 INTERACTIVE: allows the creator to make changes to the program while it is already running INTERPRETED: Code is written and directly executed by an interpreter. Allow you to type one command at a time and see results OBJECT ORIENTED SCRIPTING LANGUAGE: that organizes software design around data, or  objects , rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and behavior. HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:

3. WHAT IS PYTHON CONT’… It is used for: web development (server-side), Desktop development, DataScience, Network programming, Games and 3D graphics Mobile App development, Machine Learning, mathematics, system scripting.

4. WHY CHOOSE PYTHON

5. ADVANTAGES OF PYTHON LANGUAGE

6. DISADVANTAGES OF PYTHON LANGUAGE

7. Python frameworks Python frameworks  automate the implementation of several tasks and give developers a structure for application development . Each framework comes with its own collection of modules or packages that significantly reduce development time

8. WEB FRAMEWORKS OF PYTHON

9. DATASCIENCE FRAMEWORKS OF PYTHON 1) NumPy: Foundations for statistical computing 2) Pandas: Simplified data processing 3) Matplotlib and Seaborn: great plotting capabilities 4) Scikit-learn: Machine learning made it easier 5) TensorFlow and PyTorch : Deep Learning Leaders 6 ) Dask : Parallel Processing for Large Datasets 7 ) Natural Language Tools (NLTK): Text Analysis Controller

10. DESKTOP FRAMEWORKS OF PYTHON Tkinter 2. PyQt 3. Kivy 4.  PySide 5. wxPython 6. PyGTK

11. GAME DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS OF PYTHON 1. Pygame 2. Pyglet 3. PyOpenGL 4. Panda3D 5. Kivy 6. Arcade 7. Pymunk

12. Popular website build with Python

13. Installing Python on Windows Step: 1 To download and install Python, go to Python's official website http://www.python.org/downloads/

14. Step 4 when installation completes you will see the message “setup was successful” on screen

15. IDLE Development Environment Integrated DeveLopment Environment Text editor with smart indenting for creating python files. Menu commands for changing system settings and running files

16. Python Interpreter Interactive Interface to python

17. HOW PYTHON CODE RUNS

18. RUNNING PYTHON CODE When you open the interpreter and type command

19. PRINT() FUNCTION The Python print() function is often used to output variables. Example x = "Python is awesome" print(x) In the print() function, you output multiple variables, separated by a comma: Example x = "Python" y = "is" z = "awesome" print(x, y, z)

20. PRINT() FUNCTION CONT’ … You can also use the + operator to output multiple variables: Example x = "Python " y = "is " z = "awesome" print(x + y + z) For numbers, the + character works as a mathematical operator: Example x = 5 y = 10 print(x + y)

21. PRINT() FUNCTION CONT’ … In the print() function, when you try to combine a string and a number with the + operator, Python will give you an error: Example x = 5 y = "John" print(x + y) The best way to output multiple variables in the print() function is to separate them with commas, which even support different data types: Example x = 5 y = "John" print(x, y)

22. VARIABLES Variables are containers for storing data values. Python has no command for declaring a variable. A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it. Example x = 5 y = "John" print(x) print(y) Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type, and can even change type after they have been set. Example x = 4 # x is of type int x = "Sally" # x is now of type str print(x

23. VARIABLES CONT’… Casting If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be done with casting. Example x = str(3) # x will be '3’ y = int(3) # y will be 3 z = float(3) # z will be 3.0 Get the Type You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function.

24. VARIABLES CONT’… x = 5 y = "John" print(type(x)) print(type(y)) Get the Type You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function. Example x = 5 y = "John“ print(type(x)) print(type(y))

25. VARIABLES CONT’… Single or Double Quotes? String variables can be declared either by using single or double quotes: Example x = "John" # is the same as x = 'John'

26. VARIABLES CONT’… Variable Names A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). Rules for Python variables: A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character A variable name cannot start with a number A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ) Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)

27. VARIABLES CONT’… Example Legal variable names: myvar = "John" my_var = "John" _my_var = "John" myVar = "John" MYVAR = "John" myvar2 = "John"

28. VARIABLES CONT’… Many Values to Multiple Variables Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line: Example x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry" print(x) print(y) print(z) Note: Make sure the number of variables matches the number of values, or else you will get an error.

29. VARIABLES CONT’… One Value to Multiple Variables And you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line: Example x = y = z = "Orange“ print(x)

30. DATATYPES Built-in Data Types In programming, data type is an important concept. Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things. Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories: Text Type: str Numeric Types: int, float, complex Sequence Types: list, tuple, range Mapping Type: dict Set Types: set, frozenset Boolean Type: bool Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview None Type: NoneType

31. DATATYPES CONT’ … Getting the Data Type You can get the data type of any object by using the type() function: Example Print the data type of the variable x: x = 5 print(type(x)) Setting the Data Type In Python, the data type is set when you assign a value to a variable:

32. DATATYPES CONT’ … Example Datatype x = "Hello World" str x = 20 int x = 20.5 float x = 1j complex x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] list x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry") tuple

33. DATATYPES CONT’ … Example Datatype x = range(6) range x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36} dict x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"} set x = frozenset({"apple", "banana", "cherry"}) Frozenset x = True bool x = b"Hello " bytes x = bytearray(5) Bytearray x = memoryview(bytes(5)) memoryvie w x = None NoneType

34. DATATYPES CONT’ … Setting the Specific Data Type If you want to specify the data type, you can use the following constructor functions:

35. DATATYPES CONT’ … Setting the Specific Data Type If you want to specify the data type, you can use the following constructor functions:

36. COMMENTS Comments can be used to explain Python code. Comments can be used to make the code more readable. Comments can be used to prevent execution when testing code. Creating a Comment Comments starts with a #, and Python will ignore them: Example #This is a comment print("Hello, World!")

37. COMMENTS CONT’… Multi-Line Comments Python does not really have a syntax for multi line comments. To add a multiline comment you could insert a # for each line: Example #This is a comment #written in #more than just one line print("Hello, World!")

38. COMMENTS CONT’… Or, not quite as intended, you can use a multiline string. Since Python will ignore string literals that are not assigned to a variable, you can add a multiline string (triple quotes) in your code, and place your comment inside it: Example """ This is a comment written in more than just one line """ print("Hello, World!“) As long as the string is not assigned to a variable, Python will read the code, but then ignore it, and you have made a multiline comment

39. NUMBERS Python Numbers There are three numeric types in Python: int float Complex Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them: Example x = 1 # int y = 2.8 # float z = 1j # complex

40. NUMBERS CONT’… To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function: Example print(type(x)) print(type(y)) print(type(z)) Int Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited length. Example Integers: x = 1 y = 35656222554887711 z = -3255522 print(type(x)) print(type(y)) print(type(z))

41. NUMBERS CONT’… Float Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals. Example Floats: x = 1.10 y = 1.0 z = -35.59 print(type(x)) print(type(y)) print(type(z)) Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the power of 10. Example Floats : x = 35e3 y = 12E4 z = -87.7e100 print (type(x)) print (type(y)) print (type(z))

42. NUMBERS CONT’… Complex Complex numbers are written with a "j" as the imaginary part: Example x = 3+5j y = 5j z = -5j print(type(x)) print(type(y)) print(type(z))

43. NUMBERS CONT’… Type Conversion You can convert from one type to another with the int(), float(), and complex() methods: Example Convert from one type to another: x = 1 # int y = 2.8 # float z = 1j # complex #convert from int to float: a = float(x) #convert from float to int: b = int(y) #convert from int to complex: c = complex(x) Note: You cannot convert complex numbers into another number type.

44. NUMBERS CONT’… Random Number Python does not have a random() function to make a random number, but Python has a built-in module called random that can be used to make random numbers: Example Import the random module, and display a random number between 1 and 9: import random print( random.randrange (1, 10))

45. USER INPUT Python allows for user input. That means we are able to ask the user for input. Python 3 uses the input() method. # top accept string value username = input("Enter username:") print("Username is: " + username) Enter username # to accept numerical value age =int(input(“Enter your age”))